分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Mormyridae (Elephantfishes)
象鼻魚科 (Elephantfishes)
Etymology: Petrocephalus: Latin, petra = stone + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060); 3°S - 27°S
East Africa: Rovuma River system including Niassa Reserve, and western confluences to Lake Malawi (Ref. 91771). Following a recent revision of the Petrocephalus catostoma complex (Ref. 91771), unambiquous evidence for the presence of this species in the Bangweulu-Mweru area (and consequently the Congo basin) is still lacking (Ref. 91772).
中非與南非: 非洲的向東流的河川。 廣泛分佈從庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河與三比河流域到澎哥洛河。 也在尚比亞剛果, 馬拉威湖與坦噶尼喀而且在肯亞向北至 Tana 河與維多利亞湖.(參考文獻 7248)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 4 - ? cm
Max length : 15.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5214)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 18-22; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 25 - 28.
Occurs in shallow and muddy waters, sheltered bays, in lagoons, and swampy areas; prefers quiet parts of rivers where there is abundant vegetation (Ref. 13337). Forms shoals (Ref. 13337) within quiet reaches of rivers and floodplains, and with other species with identical electric organ discharge (EOD) waveforms (Ref. 10460). Feeds on insects, found on river bed or in marginal vegetation (Ref. 12526), on insect larvae and other invertebrates at night (Ref. 5595). Known to undergo upriver migration (Ref. 13337, 10608) which may well be correlated with breeding (Ref. 13337). Breeds during the rainy season, possibly moving upstream to suitable sites (Ref. 10608). An unconfirmed report claims the males are territorial and build a nest (Ref. 7248). Caught in nets for food (5214). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
在潟湖 , 與沼澤的區域中,出現於水淺而泥濘的水域，掩蔽的海灣。 淺水型.(參考文獻 13337) 偏愛河的安靜部份在哪裡有豐富的植物.(參考文獻 13337) 大部份捕食昆蟲幼生與其他的無脊椎動物在晚上。 (參考文獻 5595) 河與洪泛區的安靜範圍裡面的淺灘。 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 已知進行溯河迴游那可能很好地是與繁殖有關的.(參考文獻 13337) 在雨季期間進行繁殖,可能地移動溯河到適當的位置。 一個未被證實的報告要求那雄姓具有領域性而且建立一個巢.(參考文獻 7248) 用同一的發電器放電 (EOD) 波形被發現與其他的種聚集成群。 (參考文獻 10460) 在網捕獲了作為食用魚。 (5214)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中非與南非: 非洲的向東流的河川。 廣泛分佈從庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河與三比河流域到澎哥洛河。 也在尚比亞剛果, 馬拉威湖與坦噶尼喀而且在肯亞向北至 Tana 河與維多利亞湖.(參考文獻 7248)
Kramer, B., R. Bills, P. Skelton and M. Wink, 2012. A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species. Journal of Natural History 46(35-36):2179-2258. (Ref. 91771)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00761 - 0.02504), b=2.81 (2.66 - 2.96), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Fec = 116).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
