Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; هردو رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 5 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059); 45°N - 27°S
Indo-West Pacific: throughout the Indo-Pacific, from east African coasts to Philippines, Melanesia and Polynesia (Ref. 6802); east African coast south to Transkei (Ref. 52193).
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5493)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل): 7; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل): 8; خارهاي باله مخرجي 1; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8. Diagnosis: Longitudinal line scales 57-68; preopercular spine present; 8-10 gillrakers on lower part of first branchial arch (Ref. 5493, 79840). Dark brown to black in color; horizontal lines on body; young with spotted fins (Ref. 5493).
Adults inhabit lagoons, estuaries and freshwater (Ref. 6028, 48637, 79840). They occur in the lower reaches of freshwater streams, usually on mud bottoms (Ref. 44894). Juveniles are found mainly among mangrove roots in the more saline areas of lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 6028, 79840). Carnivorous (Ref. 79840). Marketed fresh (Ref. 12693).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Spawns eggs on submerged plants with small leaves. Female tends and fans the eggs until hatching and loosely guards the fry for a few days thereafter.
Maugé, L.A., 1986. Eleotridae. p. 389-398. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MARC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6802)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.4 - 29.3, mean 28.5 °C (based on 3082 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 444 [120, 988] mg/100g; Iron = 0.785 [0.362, 1.591] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [15.4, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.137 [0.071, 0.258] g/100g; Selenium = 59.5 [24.6, 138.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.2 [7.4, 110.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.86 [1.16, 2.89] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies. 
