分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Perciformes/Notothenioidei (Icefishes)
鱸形目 (Icefishes) >
Nototheniidae (Cod icefishes)
南極魚科 (Cod icefishes) > Nototheniinae
Etymology: Notothenia: Greek, 'notos', ou; νοτος, ου), from the south + Greek, 'e 'eutheneia',as or 'euthenia', as (ευθενεια, ας; ευθενια, ας), abundance (P. Romero, pers.comm. 01/16); rossii: marmorata Greek marmor for marbled (Ref. 11892).
More on author: Richardson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - 350 m (Ref. 28106), usually 5 - 350 m (Ref. 28106). 溫帶; -1°C - 5°C (Ref. 28106); 45°S - 67°S, 75°W - 165°E
Southern Ocean: northern end of the Antarctic Peninsula, Scotia Arc, Prince Edward, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard and Macquarie islands, and Ob' and Lena banks.
南極海: 南極半島，斯科舍島弧，愛德華湖王子， Crozet 的北方末端 , Kerguelen, 聽到與 Macquarie 島 , 與鄂比河' 與莉娜淺堆。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 49.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 92.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5179); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2121); 最大體重: 10.0 kg (Ref. 5179); 最大年齡: 16 年 (Ref. 28106)
背棘 (總數): 4 - 7; 背的軟條 (總數): 32-36; 臀鰭軟條: 26 - 30
The sexually immature members of the population stay in lesser depths, mainly in the shallow fjord bays. Yearlings feed mainly on mesozooplankton in the near surface zone (5-15 m). Immature and mature fish are benthic but stay in shallower depths (10-20 m). Sexually mature fish move out of the fjord to stay in the shelf zone. Spawn once a year (Ref. 89316). Maximum life span for males is 12 years (Ref. 28106).
族群的未成熟成員停留在較少的深度中, 主要在水淺的峽灣海灣。 滿一歲的魚在近表面的區域中主要捕食中型浮游動物。 (5-15 公尺) 不成熟與成熟的魚是底棲的但是停留在深度較淺的地方 (10-20 公尺) 中. 性成熟魚移出峽灣停留在大陸棚區域中。 最大的壽命雄魚是 12 年。 (參考文獻 28106)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Mature females may spawn for the first time from around 6-8 years of age (Ref. 71843).南極海: 南極半島，斯科舍島弧，愛德華湖王子， Crozet 的北方末端 , Kerguelen, 聽到與 Macquarie 島 , 與鄂比河' 與莉娜淺堆。
Hureau, J.-C., 1985. Family Notothenidae - Antarctic rock cods. p. 323-385. In W. Fischer and J.C. Hureau (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Southern Ocean (Fishing areas 48, 58 and 88) (CCAMLR Convention Area). Rome, FAO. Vol. 2. (Ref. 2121)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.7 - 4.7, mean 2.1 °C (based on 140 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00480 - 0.00723), b=3.19 (3.13 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 8.5 (6.1 - 9.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 17
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.10-0.16; tmax=16; Fec=19,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.7 [10.3, 37.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.427 [0.187, 0.808] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.8, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.316 [0.187, 0.528] g/100g; Selenium = 18.1 [8.2, 38.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.2 [2.9, 56.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.35 [0.24, 0.52] mg/100g (wet weight);
