Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin démersal. Tropical; 16°N - 20°S, 95°W - 71°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: southern Mexico to Peru and Chile, including the Galapagos Islands.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 111131)
Mainly coastal, benthic species with unknown biology (Ref. 114953). May reach 170 cm TL (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Chirichigno, N.F., 1974. Clave para identificar los peces marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar Perú (44):1-387. (Ref. 5530)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 126983)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur
Plus d'informations
Taille/ÂgeCroissanceLongueur-poidsLongueur-longueurFréquences de longueursMorphométrieMorphologieLarvesDynamique des populations larvairesRecrutementAbondanceBRUVS
RéférencesAquacultureProfil d'aquacultureSouchesGénétiqueFréquences alléliquesHéritabilitéPathologiesTraitementNutrientsMass conversion
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 28.6, mean 26.3 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00240 (0.00134 - 0.00429), b=3.09 (2.93 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.6 [9.7, 166.1] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.724 [0.187, 2.089] mg/100g ; Protein = 18.6 [16.5, 20.6] % ; Omega3 = 0.138 [0.060, 0.317] g/100g ; Selenium = 54.3 [13.8, 153.8] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 11.5 [4.3, 29.2] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.85 [0.42, 1.50] mg/100g (wet weight);