Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 80 - 365 m. Subtropical
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic (Ref. 106145). Western Atlantci: southern Florida in USA and Mexico to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Mauritania including northern Mediterranean (Ref. 7251).
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3250)
Occurs on shelf and upper slope, burrowing on muddy bottoms (Ref. 3250).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduktion | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larver
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 22.6, mean 15.8 °C (based on 183 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00102 (0.00046 - 0.00225), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 67.6 [15.8, 208.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [0, 4] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.0, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.394 [0.176, 1.000] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [5.5, 65.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.9 [7.0, 100.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.881 [0.451, 1.750] mg/100g (wet weight);
