Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 80 - 365 m. Subtropical
Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic (Ref. 106145). Western Atlantci: southern Florida in USA and Mexico to southern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Morocco to Mauritania including northern Mediterranean (Ref. 7251).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3250)
Occurs on shelf and upper slope, burrowing on muddy bottoms (Ref. 3250).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 22.6, mean 15.8 °C (based on 183 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00102 (0.00046 - 0.00225), b=3.06 (2.88 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 67.6 [15.8, 208.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [0, 4] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.0, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.394 [0.176, 1.000] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [5.5, 65.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.9 [7.0, 100.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.881 [0.451, 1.750] mg/100g (wet weight);
