分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) >
Lamnidae (Mackerel sharks or white shark)
Etymology: Isurus: isos (Gr.), equal; oura (Gr.), tail, referring to caudal-fin lobes of I. oxyrinchus being equal in length (except that they are not; the upper is clearly longer). (See ETYFish); oxyrinchus: oxys (Gr.), sharp or pointed; rynchus (L.), snout, referring to its pointed snout. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Rafinesque.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 888 m (Ref. 106604), usually 100 - 150 m (Ref. 36731). 亞熱帶的; 16°C - ? (Ref. 9988); 65°N - 54°S, 180°W - 180°E
Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical seas (Ref. 6871, 11230). Western Atlantic: Gulf of Maine to southern Brazil and Argentina (Ref. 58839), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Hawaii, north to Primorskiy Kray (Russian Federation), south to Australia and New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: south of Aleutian Islands and from southern California, USA to Chile.
全球分佈於溫帶與熱帶的海洋。 (參考文獻 6871,11230) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 挪威到南非, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷, 北至 Primorskiy Kray(俄羅斯聯邦), 南至澳洲與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島南方與從美國的南加州到智利。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 278.3, range 275 - 285 cm
Max length : 445 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 106604); common length : 270 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 505.8 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 32 年 (Ref. 86588)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0. A large, spindle-shaped shark with large black eyes, a sharp snout, and large, narrow, hooked teeth with smooth edges (Ref. 5578). Caudal fin lunate, lower lobe strongly developed (Ref. 13574). Dark blue above, white below (Ref. 6581). Tiny second dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 26938).
大, 纺锤形的鲨鱼有大的黑色眼，一个锐利的吻, 与大的，狭窄的，和钩状的牙齿有平滑的边缘.(参考文献 5578) 尾鳍新月状的, 下叶发育明显的.(参考文献 13574) 背面深蓝色的, 腹面白色的.(参考文献 6581) 极小的第二背鳍与臀鳍.(参考文献 26938)
Oceanic, but sometimes found close inshore (Ref. 6871, 11230, 58302). Usually in surface waters (Ref. 30573), down to about 150 m (Ref. 26938, 11230). Coastal, epipelagic at 1->500 m (Ref. 58302). Isotope analysis has shown that shortfin mako is the highest level fish predator in oceanic waters off eastern Australia (Ref. 86961). Adults feed on bony fishes, other sharks (Ref. 5578), cephalopods; larger individuals may feed on larger prey such as billfish and small cetaceans (Ref. 6871, 58048). Ovoviviparous, embryos feeding on yolk sac and other ova produced by the mother (Ref. 43278, 50449). With 4-16 young of about 60-70 cm long (Ref. 35388, 26346). Gestation period lasts 15-18 months, spawning cycle is every 3 years. Some authors (Refs. 1661, 28081, 31395) have erroneously assumed that two age rings are deposited per year by this species, thus underestimating longevity, age at maturity, and resilience . These data have been removed and replaced by recent, verified estimates (Refs. 86586, 86587, 86588). Tagging in New Zealand indicates seasonal migrations (Ref. 26346). The presence of genetic differentiation in mitochondrial DNA across global populations (Ref. 36416) suggests dispersal may be male-biased, and that females may have natal site-fidelity. Shortfin mako has been shown to have a marked sexually segregated population structure (Ref. 86954). Shortfin mako is probably the fastest of all sharks and can leap out of the water when hooked (Ref. 6871). Potentially dangerous and responsible for unprovoked attacks on swimmers and boats (Ref. 13574). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; eaten broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Valued for its fine quality meat as well as its fins and skin (Ref. 247). Oil is extracted for vitamins and fins for shark-fin soup (Ref. 13574). Jaws and teeth are also sold as ornaments and trophies (Ref. 9988). by Kabasakal & de Maddalena, 2011 reported a historical record of a larger specimen, caught in the Mediterranean Sea off Turkey, about 585 cm (TL estimated from photographs) (Ref. 106604). Maximum depth from Ref. 125614.
大洋性的, 但是有时发现近岸.(参考文献 6871,11230) 通常在水表面 (参考文献 30573), 向下至大约 150 公尺.(参考文献 26938,11230) 吃硬骨鱼类，其他的鲨鱼 (参考文献 5578) ，头足类动物; 较大的个体可能吃较大的猎物例如青旗鱼与小的鲸类。 (参考文献 6871) 卵胎生的, 胚胎吃产生于母亲的卵黄囊与其他的卵.(参考文献 50449) 多达 18 幼鱼在一胎.(参考文献 26346) 在纽西兰附以签条指出季节性的回游。 (参考文献 26346) 可能所有鯊魚的最快速的而且能從水中跳出來當鉤住.(參考文獻 6871) 可能危險而的原因未受刺激的攻擊游泳者與船.(參考文獻 13574) 生鮮使用, 乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻與冷凍的; 吃火烤了而且燒烤了.(參考文獻 9988) 重要的是它的細品質肉了以及它的鰭與皮膚.(參考文獻 247) 油被吸取用於維他命與鰭用於魚翅湯。 (參考文獻 13574) 顎與齒也被賣作裝飾品與獎座。 (參考文獻 9988) 對 4-16個幼魚生產, 60-70 公分長.(參考文獻 35388)
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding on other ova produced by the mother (oophagy) after the yolk sac is absorbed (Ref. 50449). With up to 18 young in a litter (Ref. 26346). Gives birth to litters of 4-25 (usually 10-18) pups after a gestation period of 15-18 months; reproduces every 3 years (Ref.58048). Size at birth between 60 and 70 cm (Ref. 247). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).全球分佈於溫帶與熱帶的海洋。 (參考文獻 6871,11230) 西大西洋: 緬因灣到巴西南部, 包括墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 挪威到南非, 包括地中海。 印度-太平洋: 東非到夏威夷, 北至 Primorskiy Kray(俄羅斯聯邦), 南至澳洲與紐西蘭。 東太平洋: 阿留申群島南方與從美國的南加州到智利。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 05 November 2018
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.7 - 24.4, mean 17.4 °C (based on 598 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7813 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00386 - 0.01080), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (rm=0.051; tm=8-20; tmax=32; Fec=4).
Prior r = 0.14, 95% CL = 0.09 - 0.21, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.24 [2.04, 36.21] mg/100g; Iron = 0.713 [0.180, 2.070] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [18.3, 22.9] %; Omega3 = 0.383 [0.157, 0.916] g/100g; Selenium = 35.5 [11.1, 99.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.35 [2.11, 19.61] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.32 [0.16, 0.59] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
