Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 0 - 35 m. Subtropical; 10°S - 45°S
Eastern Indian Ocean: southern Australia, from Western Australia to Victoria, New South Wales, including Tasmania.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2156); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 14 Jaren (Ref. 2156)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 12 - 13; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 7 - 10; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 4 - 6; Wervels: 28. Lack scales (Ref. 33616).
Occur in inshore waters (Ref. 9563). Most active at night, lying motionless during the day. Spawn during August-September and seem to be triggered by an increase in water temperature at the onset of spring. Smaller individuals feed mainly on shrimps and crabs, while bigger ones are piscivorous (Ref. 2156). Adults possess venomous infraorbital, preopercular and dorsal-fin spines (Ref. 33616).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Neira, F.J., A.G. Miskiewicz and T. Trnski, 1998. Larvae of temperate Australian fishes: laboratory guide for larval fish identification. University of Western Australia Press. 474 p. (Ref. 33616)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.9 - 22.9, mean 17.9 °C (based on 356 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 9.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.12; tm=2-4; tmax=14).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 114 [48, 258] mg/100g; Iron = 1.13 [0.58, 2.25] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.5, 19.3] %; Omega3 = 0.499 [0.215, 1.295] g/100g; Selenium = 16.9 [7.4, 42.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.4 [8.8, 73.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.32 [0.89, 1.96] mg/100g (wet weight);
