Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Acanthopagrus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, pagros, a kind of fish (Ref. 45335); berda: Name refers to the local vernacular name for the species; noun in apposition (Ref. 83673).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 50 m (Ref. 86942). 热带; 30°N - 35°S, 22°E - 103°E
Indian Ocean, South Africa, Mozambique, the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Phuket (Andaman Sea, specimen lost), and Malaysia (Penang Island and Langkawi Island, near Singapore). Western Pacific specimens recorded as A. berda refer to Acanthopagrus pacificus (Ref. 86288).
印度-西太平洋: 南非 (没有纪录从模里西斯与留尼旺岛) 到印度延伸到日本与澳洲北部。 进入津巴布韦与南非的淡水。 (尚比西河下游, Lucuara 河)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 20 - 22 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3198); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 3.2 kg (Ref. 3670); 最大年龄: 14 年 (Ref. 3627)
背棘 (总数): 11 - 12; 背的软条 (总数): 10-12; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the following characters: scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 3.5; front edge of dorsal scaly area on head slightly convex, with small scales (fewer than 20) anteriorly; pored lateral-line scales 42-44; second anal-fin spine (2AS) longer than third anal-fin spine (3AS), 2AS/3AS ratio 1.23-1.50 (mean 1.36); strongly curved concavity on ventral edge of first two infraorbitals above rear end of maxilla, particularly obvious in specimens more than 13 cm SL; scales on preopercle flange absent; anal-fin membrane dark; molariform teeth strongly developed along both jaws, teeth rows strongly curved laterally at rear of lower jaw (Ref. 83673).
略灰色的银色到黑色的; 臀鳍淡黄色的, 薄膜黑色的基部地.(参考文献 3198)
Feeds on invertebrates, including worms, mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms (Ref. 5213), and small fish (Ref. 3670). Protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). The flesh is excellent. Sold fresh in markets. It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus australis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
主要在河口与小水湾的半咸淡水域，沿海的河川与潮汐的小溪, 偶然地进入淡水溪流的低部分。 (参考文献 44894) 稚鱼栖息于遮蔽的内湾与河口。 (参考文献 47715) 通常各别地出现，否则小群鱼群, 但是可能移动成群.(参考文献 48635) 吃无脊椎动物，包括蠕虫，软件动物，甲壳动物与棘皮动物 (参考文献 5213), 与小鱼。 (参考文献 3670) 雄性先熟的雌雄同体.(参考文献 55367) 一个受欢迎的钓鱼种, 时常用一支钓捕获了。 (参考文献 44894) 肉是优良的。 生鲜贩賣在市場中了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Size at sex change = 19.1 TL; age at sex change = 1.95 years (Ref. 55367).印度-西太平洋: 南非 (没有纪录从模里西斯与留尼旺岛) 到印度延伸到日本与澳洲北部。 进入津巴布韦与南非的淡水。 (尚比西河下游, Lucuara 河)
Iwatsuki, Y. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. Taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean species of the genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855 (Perciformes: Sparidae), with description of a new species from Oman. Copeia 2010(1):123-136. (Ref. 83673)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学基因序列遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 856 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01369 - 0.02532), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.28-0.38; tmax=14; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 91.7 [45.9, 162.8] mg/100g ; Iron = 0.944 [0.530, 1.870] mg/100g ; Protein = 19 [18, 20] % ; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.101, 0.330] g/100g ; Selenium = 59.7 [27.6, 120.1] μg/100g ; VitaminA = 7.6 [2.3, 22.6] μg/100g ; Zinc = 0.918 [0.599, 1.351] mg/100g (wet weight);
