分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Gadiformes (Cods) >
Macrouridae (Grenadiers or rattails)
Etymology: Malacocephalus: Greek, malakos = soft + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lowe.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 非迁移的; 深度上下限 200 - 1000 m (Ref. 1371), usually 300 - 750 m (Ref. 3587). 深水域; 62°N - 43°S, 97°W - 124°E (Ref. 1371)
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: Western Atlantic: Strait of Florida to Brazil, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Eastern Atlantic: Iceland (Ref. 12462) and Faroes to South Africa. Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, off Maldives and off East African coast. Western Pacific: Indonesian area and Australia. Eastern Central Pacific (Ref. 9315). Malacocephalus hawaiiensis, Malacocephalus luzonensis, and Malacocephalus nipponensis are closely related to Malacocephalus laevis and may eventually prove to represent populations of this species, if a comprehensive comparison of material from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans is done (Ref. 1371).
西大西洋: 佛羅里達海峽到巴西，墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 冰島 (參考文獻 12462) 與法羅到南非。 印度洋: 阿拉伯海，孟加拉灣, 外海的馬爾地夫與外海的東非海岸。 西太平洋: 印尼的區域與澳洲。 中太平洋東部.(參考文獻 9315) 夏威夷軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus hawaiiensis〕 ， 呂宋軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus luzonensis〕 與 日本軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus nipponensis〕 是與 軟頭條鱈〔Malacocephalus laevis〕 親源相近而且可能最後證明代表這種的族群, 如果一個採自大西洋，印度洋與太平洋的標本廣泛比較被做.(參考文獻 1371)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2800); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (总数) : 2; 背的软条 (总数) : 229; 臀棘: 0. Head uniformly scaled, including the mandibles and the ventral aspects of the snout and suborbital. Snout blunt, its tip with a conical tubercle. The trunk is short, the body tapers abruptly from behind the first dorsal fin. The caudal fin is absent.
头部均匀地覆有鳞片的,包括下颚与吻部与眶下骨的腹面。 吻钝的, 它的顶端具有一个锥形小瘤。 躯干是短, 身体从在后第一背鳍突然变细。 没有尾鳍。
Found on continental slopes (Ref. 1371). Utilized mainly for fishmeal and oil (Ref. 1371). In the past, fishers in the North Atlantic were reported to have used the luminescent excretion from the ventral light organ to enhance baits used for cod fishing (Ref. 1371).
栖息于大陆斜坡了。 (参考文献 1371) 主要地用作鱼浆或鱼油了。 (参考文献 1371) 在以前，在北大西洋的渔夫被报告过去使用发光分泌物从腹面发光器为鳕鱼捕捞提高饵料利用。 (参考文献 1371)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 佛羅里達海峽到巴西，墨西哥灣與加勒比海。 東大西洋: 冰島 (參考文獻 12462) 與法羅到南非。 印度洋: 阿拉伯海，孟加拉灣, 外海的馬爾地夫與外海的東非海岸。 西太平洋: 印尼的區域與澳洲。 中太平洋東部.(參考文獻 9315) 夏威夷軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus hawaiiensis〕 ， 呂宋軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus luzonensis〕 與 日本軟首鱈〔Malacocephalus nipponensis〕 是與 軟頭條鱈〔Malacocephalus laevis〕 親源相近而且可能最後證明代表這種的族群, 如果一個採自大西洋，印度洋與太平洋的標本廣泛比較被做.(參考文獻 1371)
Cohen, D.M., T. Inada, T. Iwamoto and N. Scialabba, 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 10. Gadiform fishes of the world (Order Gadiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cods, hakes, grenadiers and other gadiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(10). Rome: FAO. 442 p. (Ref. 1371)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.1 - 13.9, mean 9.5 °C (based on 824 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00129 (0.00074 - 0.00223), b=3.14 (2.98 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.56 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.5 [11.4, 49.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.413 [0.190, 0.856] mg/100g; Protein = 16.4 [14.7, 18.1] %; Omega3 = 0.211 [0.102, 0.439] g/100g; Selenium = 21.6 [8.4, 53.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.4 [3.5, 83.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.395 [0.249, 0.636] mg/100g (wet weight);
