分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 100 m (Ref. 9563). 溫帶; 30°S - 43°S
Indo-Pacific: known only from southern Australia.
印度-太平洋: 已知只來自澳洲南部了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9563); 最大體重: 3.1 kg (Ref. 6390)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
脊椎骨: 18 - 20. This species differs from Platycephalus westraliae in having the following characters: both second dorsal and anal fin rays usually 14 (vs. 13), total gill rakers 18-20 (vs. 10); palatine with a tooth band comprised of several irregular rows of conical teeth (vs. with an inner larger conical and an outer smaller villiform tooth rows); caudal fin with several small pale brown spots on the upper lobe and one or two large dark brown or black spots on the lower lobe, and with concave posterior margin (vs. with 3 dark bands and with mostly straight posterior margin) (Ref. 86914).
Inhabit coastal waters from shallow bays and inlets to depths of about 100 m over sand, shell grit and mud substrates (Ref. 6390). Sand flathead are usually solitary but may form loose aggregations (Ref. 2165, 27247). They sometimes move long distances (Ref. 6390). They are active foragers and ambush predators (Ref. 6390), occasionally are scavengers (Ref. 6390). Feed on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 2165). Its fin spines are venomous, can inflict mild to severe pain (Ref. 125684).
棲息於來自淺灣與小水灣的沿岸水域在沙子，貝殼砂礫與泥底部上的到深度大約 100 公尺。 (參考文獻 6390) 沙子牛尾魚是通常獨居性的但是可能形成鬆散的魚群.(參考文獻 2165,27247) 他們有時長距離移動。 (參考文獻 6390) 他們是活躍的搶劫者與埋伏掠食者。 (參考文獻 6390) 他們也是偶然的清道伕。 (參考文獻 6390) 捕食甲殼類動物和魚類。 (參考文獻 2165)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 已知只來自澳洲南部了。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.6 - 18.5, mean 17.1 °C (based on 242 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00381 - 0.00630), b=3.06 (2.98 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.75 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.19; tmax=9).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 65 [6, 306] mg/100g; Iron = 0.792 [0.214, 2.004] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 1.01 [0.44, 2.67] g/100g; Selenium = 18.8 [5.0, 75.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.4 [8.9, 72.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.651 [0.297, 1.378] mg/100g (wet weight);
