分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Mulliformes (Goatfishes)
鱸形目 (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
鬚鯛科 (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Upeneus: Greek, ypene, -es = upper lip (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 10 - 120 m (Ref. 12260). 亞熱帶的; 35°N - 27°S, 32°E - 168°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea to New Caledonia; north to Japan. Invaded the eastern Mediterranean from the Red Sea through the Suez Canal.
印度-西太平洋: 非洲東岸到東南亞與澳洲的北海岸。 也記錄自日本 (參考文獻 559) 與新加勒多尼亞。 (參考文獻 5525) 最近侵入了地中海東部從紅海經過蘇伊士運河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 22.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 118193); common length : 18.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 12065)
背棘 (總數) : 8; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9; 臀棘: 1; 臀鰭軟條: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: D VIII,9; pectoral fins 14-16; gill rakers 7-8 + 18-20 = 26-27; lateral line scales 33-35; body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 24-26% SL and at anus 21-23% SL; caudal-peduncle depth 9.0-10% SL; maximum head depth 20-22% SL; head depth through eye 16-17% SL; head length 27-29%SL; orbit length 7.3-8.9% SL; upper jaw length 11-12% SL; barbel length 15-17% SL; caudal-fin length 27-30% SL; anal-fin height 13-15% SL; pelvic-fin length 17-22% SL; pectoral-fin length 25-27% SL; first dorsal-fin height 20-23% SL; second dorsal-fin height 14-16% SL; 6-8 thin, red caudal fin bars on upper lobe (faintly retained when preserved), none on lower lobe but with a red broad band covering the entire lobe apart from the distal, inner margin, the latter somewhat darker (most of which are lost in preserved fish); one mid-lateral body stripe yellow or gold from eye to upper caudal-fin base (not or faintly retained in preserved fish); dark first dorsal-fin tip (retained in preserved fish); white barbels; silvery-rose body, dorsally darkened above lateral stripe (pale brown, slightly darkened dorsally in preserved fish) (Ref. 82903).
細長的身體, 與相當大的有櫛鱗的鱗片。 色彩是銀白色, 具有一個穿過眼到尾鰭的鮮黃色的水平條紋。 背鰭具有 3-4條橘色或紅色的橫帶; 臀鰭與腹鰭鰭灰白的。 尾鰭上葉有 5-6 橘色-黑色的橫帶, 下葉純黃色的具有深色邊。
Found in coastal waters with a muddy substrate. Forms large schools (Ref. 9987). Usually fast swimming with short stops to feed (Ref. 48636). Sold fresh in markets. Utilized for fish meal. Valued also for its roe (Ref. 9987).
發現於沿岸水域了底部泥濘的地方。 形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 9987) 通常快速的游泳有短的停止覓食.(參考文獻 48636) 生鮮販賣在市場中了。 用來做魚粉了。 它的魚白也有價值了。 (參考文獻 9987)
印度-西太平洋: 非洲東岸到東南亞與澳洲的北海岸。 也記錄自日本 (參考文獻 559) 與新加勒多尼亞。 (參考文獻 5525) 最近侵入了地中海東部從紅海經過蘇伊士運河。
Uiblein, F. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. A taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus Upeneus (Family Mullidae), with descriptions of four new species. Smithiana 11:35-71. (Ref. 83903)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 28.2, mean 27.2 °C (based on 424 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00817 - 0.01018), b=3.10 (3.07 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.4 (1.0 - 4.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.65-1.30; tm=1; tmax=5; Fec=1,515).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.3 [18.6, 105.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.607 [0.265, 1.139] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.169, 0.615] g/100g; Selenium = 15.6 [6.9, 33.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 55.9 [14.6, 239.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.951 [0.558, 1.458] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
