分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Tetraodontiformes (Puffers and filefishes) >
Monacanthidae (Filefishes)
Etymology: Aluterus: Name from Greek meaning not free or detached, referring to the pelvis that does not form a spiny project (as it does in triggerfish) (R. Chandler, pers. Comm. 10/2014)..
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 3 - 120 m (Ref. 36484), usually 3 - 20 m (Ref. 40849). 亚热带的; 46°N - 30°S, 180°W - 180°E
Circumtropical.
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省与墨西哥湾北部到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) ，维德角与阿森松岛;(参考文献 3592) 圣多美岛;(参考文献 34088) 南非.(参考文献 4421) 太平洋: 日本南部到大堡礁的南方，新加勒多尼亚与复活岛.(参考文献 37816) 在东太平洋，从加州湾到哥伦比亚中.(参考文献 9318)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 55.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 2.5 kg (Ref. 26340)
背棘 (总数) : 2; 背的软条 (总数) : 43 - 50; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 46 - 52. Snout concave (Ref. 1602); olive brown to grey in color, juveniles may be yellowish brown with dark spots (Ref. 4421). Elongate, strongly compressed filefish; tan with blue lines and spots. Caudal fin rounded (Ref. 26938) and long (Ref. 13442). Gill opening oblique, pelvic terminus rudimentary or absent; body and head with scattered small black spots (Ref. 13442).
吻凹曲;(参考文献 1602) 黄褐色的到灰色的颜色，稚鱼可能是土黄色有深色的斑点.(参考文献 4421) 细长又非常扁长形的屯鱼; 黄褐色的有蓝色的线与斑点。 尾鳍圆的 (参考文献 26938) 与长的.(参考文献 13442) 鳃裂斜角, 腹鳍后棘突不发达的或不存在; 身体而且头部有分散的小黑色的斑点.(参考文献 13442)
Inhabit lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Occasionally are seen under floating objects (Ref. 1602). Juveniles may travel with weed rafts in open ocean for a long time and reaching a large size. Adults are usually seen along deep coastal slopes or outer reef drop-offs in about 20 meters depth (Ref. 48637). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on algae, seagrass, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial anemones, and tunicates. Caught at the surface using a hand net (Ref. 26165).
栖息于舄湖与临海礁石。 (参考文献 9710) 偶然地在漂浮的目标下面被见到。 (参考文献 1602) 稚鱼可能在开放性海域中有杂草筏移动有很长的一段时间而且达到一个巨大的体型。 成鱼通常被见到沿着大约 20 公尺深度的深海岸的斜坡或外围礁石海峭壁.(参考文献 48637) 吃藻类，海草，水螅虫，柳珊瑚，群居的海葵与被囊类。 在水表捕获使用一个手抄网了。 (参考文献 26165)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Circumtropical。 西大西洋: 加拿大的新斯科舍省与墨西哥湾北部到巴西.(参考文献 7251) 东大西洋: 圣保罗岩礁 (参考文献 13121) ，维德角与阿森松岛;(参考文献 3592) 圣多美岛;(参考文献 34088) 南非.(参考文献 4421) 太平洋: 日本南部到大堡礁的南方，新加勒多尼亚与复活岛.(参考文献 37816) 在东太平洋，从加州湾到哥伦比亚中.(参考文献 9318)
Hutchins, J.B., 1986. Monacanthidae. p. 882-887. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4421)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 29, mean 27.4 °C (based on 1766 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00943 - 0.04220), b=2.93 (2.75 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm=3-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11 [4, 33] mg/100g; Iron = 0.455 [0.208, 1.128] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.5, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.127 [0.055, 0.272] g/100g; Selenium = 28.5 [9.5, 68.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.5 [4.0, 84.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.626 [0.387, 1.062] mg/100g (wet weight);
