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Hexatrygon bickelli Heemstra & Smith, 1980

Sixgill stingray
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Hexatrygon bickelli   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Hexatrygon bickelli (Sixgill stingray)
Hexatrygon bickelli
Picture by Shao, K.T.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Hexatrygonidae (Sixgill stingrays)
Etymology: Hexatrygon: Greek, exa = six + Greek, trygon = the name of a ray; 1749 (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 350 - 1120 m (Ref. 9906), usually 362 - 1120 m (Ref. 9906). Deep-water; 46°N - 37°S, 16°E - 154°W

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: South Africa eastward to Japan, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands.

Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 143 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 31444); 111.7 cm TL (female)

Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0. A bizarre-looking flabby stingray with a long, thick, fleshy snout (Ref. 5578). Dark violet-blue or brownish above, white below (Ref. 5578).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Inhabits soft bottoms of upper continental slopes (Ref. 9906). Feeding habits unknown (Ref. 9906). Minimum depth from Ref. 58018. Probably caught with bottom trawls (Ref. 9906). Maximum length of female from Ref. 84148.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Smith, M.M. and P.C. Heemstra, 1986. Hexatrygonidae. p. 142-143. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3966)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 05 May 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: of no interest
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Ecology
Ecology
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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Internet sources

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 4.1 - 10.7, mean 6.6 °C (based on 1209 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).