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Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758

Common carp
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United States (contiguous states) country information

Common names: Carp, Carp, Common carp
Occurrence: introduced
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Egan, D., 2003
Uses: live export: yes;
Comments: Have escaped fish-breeding ponds in the South more than 20 years ago and have steadily moved up the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. Chicago City council has passed an ordinance that prohibits selling of live species of Asian carp to the general public (Ref. 46969). Found in 2 out of 6 live fish markets near the Lakes Erie and Ontario (Ref. 53249). Chesapeake Bay: intoduced to the Chesapeake Bay region in 1877, common carp resident in all major tributaries of the bay, ranging donw into brackish water with salinities as high as 17.6% (Ref. 93252). Also Ref. 1739, 27549, 93252, 120328.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.nmfs.gov
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Etnier, D.A. and W.C. Starnes, 1993
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Cyprinus: Latin, cyprinus = carp (Ref. 45335);  carpio: carpio is the latinized form of carp (Ref. 1998). Cyprinus is the old world name for the carp (Ref. 10294).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; pH range: 6.5 - 9.0; dH range: 10 - 15; पोटामोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - 29 m (Ref. 120823).   Subtropical; 3°C - 35°C (Ref. 12741); 54°N - 34°N, 12°E - 74°E (Ref. 59043)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Europe to Asia: Black, Caspian and Aral Sea basins. Introduced throughout the world. Wild stocks are only present naturally in rivers draining to the Black, Caspian and Aral Sea (Ref. 59043). A reophilic wild population in the Danube is assumed to be the origin of the European species; this population is now under threat (Ref. 13696).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: Lm 34.8, range 25 - 36 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 27549); common length : 31.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3561); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 40.1 kg (Ref. 72380); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 38 वर्षो (Ref. 72479)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 3 - 4; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 17 - 23; गुदा कांटा: 2 - 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 5 - 6; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 36 - 37. Diagnosed from other cyprinid species in Europe by having the following characters: 2 pairs of barbels; dorsal fin with 15-20½ branched rays; caudal fin deeply emarginate (Ref. 59043). Pharyngeal teeth 1, 1, 3:3, 1,1, robust, molar-like with crown flattened or somewhat furrowed. Scales large and thick. `Wild carp ' is generally distinguished by its less stocky build with height of body 1:3.2-4.8 in standard length. Very variable in form, proportions, squamation, development of fins, and color. Caudal fin with 3 spines and 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray bony and serrated posteriorly; 4 barbels; 17-20 branched dorsal rays; body grey to bronze (Ref. 43281). Also Ref. 3398, 3410.

जीवविज्ञान     शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Inhabits warm, deep, slow-flowing and still waters such as lowland rivers and large, well vegetated lakes (Ref. 59043). Hardy and tolerant of a wide variety of conditions but generally favor large water bodies with slow flowing or standing water and soft bottom sediments. Thrive in large turbid rivers (Ref. 1998). Most active at dusk and dawn. Both adults and juveniles feed on a variety of benthic organisms and plant material. Breeds along shores or in backwaters. Adults often undertake considerable spawning migration to suitable backwaters and flooded meadows. Larvae survive only in very warm water among shallow submerged vegetation (Ref. 59043). Occurs at depths of <30m (Ref. 120613) and found sucking in floating insects at the surface (Ref. 120823). River regulation and hybridization with domesticated stocks, East Asian congeners and their hybrids have caused continuous decline of wild populations (Ref. 59043). Utilized fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987). Aquarium keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size >200 cm; not recommended for home aquariums (Ref. 51539).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Spawn in marginal, shallow, weed-infested areas. A polytypic plastic species with a marked tendency to produce `varieties' and `races' in response to selective breeding and environmental influences. Carp is polygamous. A spawning female is usually followed by several males. Under tropical conditions carp breeds throughout the year. It is a seasonal spawner in temperate waters (Ref. 185). Females are known to lay more than a million eggs in a season; breeds at a temperature range of 15° C to 20°C; eggs hatch in 4 days (Ref. 6028). Obligatory plant spawners (Ref. 7471). "Adults often make considerable spawning migrations to suitable backwaters and flooded meadows. Individual females spawn with a few males in dense vegetation. The sticky eggs are attached to water plants or other submerged objects. Reproductive success is restricted to years when the water level starts rising in May and when high temperatures and flooding of terrestrial vegetation last for a long period during May and June" (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)


CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Potential pest




Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: व्यापारिक
FAO(Aquaculture systems: production, species profile; मात्स्यिकी: production, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01703 - 0.02036), b=2.94 (2.91 - 2.97), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
लौटाव (Ref. 120179):  माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.10-0.30; tm=1-3; tmax=20; Fec=36,000-2,000,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.