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Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, 1758

European plaice
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Pleuronectes platessa   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice)
Pleuronectes platessa
Picture by Greenfield, J.


Portugal country information

Common names: Solha
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments:
National Checklist: Portugal
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/po.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Muus, B. and P. Dahlström, 1978
National Database: Portuguese Freshwater Fishes

Common names from other countries

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) > Pleuronectinae
Etymology: Pleuronectes: Greek, pleura = side, ribe + Greek, nekton = swimmer (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 0 - 200 m (Ref. 35388), usually 10 - 50 m (Ref. 35388).   Temperate; 2°C - 15°C (Ref. 5504); 72°N - 36°N, 47°W - 45°E

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Northern Sea. Reports from the Mediterranean Sea appear to be misidentifications of P. flesus. It may have been present in some areas of the Mediterranean in the past, as a result of climatic changes related to the ice age, but at present times seem to be absent (Ref. 89040).

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: Lm 32.7, range 24 - 42 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 4705); common length : 40.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3397); max. veröff. Gewicht: 7.0 kg (Ref. 173); max. veröff. Alter: 50 Jahre (Ref. 173)

Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 65 - 79; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 48 - 59. Smooth with small scales. Bony ridge behind the eyes. Upper side brown or greenish brown with irregularly distributed bright red or orange spots. The underside is white. Lateral line straight, slightly curved above pectoral fin. Dorsal fin reaching eye. More than 30 vertebrae.

Biologie     Fachlexikon (Englisch) (z.B. epibenthic)

Adults live on mixed bottoms, the older the deeper the occurrence; small individuals are usually seen on bathing beaches (Ref. 9988). Occurs on mud and sand bottom from a few meters down to about 100 m, at sea, estuaries and rarely entering freshwaters (Ref. 59043). Reported as resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Feed mainly on thin-shelled mollusks and polychaetes. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The most important flatfish for fisheries in Europe. Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Active at night in the very shallow water while day time is spent buried in the sand. Stationary for long periods, tagging experiments have shown that their spawning migrations can be long. Changes in the environmental conditions have been disadvantageous. Populations in Kattegat and Danish belts decreased in 1980's and early 1990's due to discharge of nutritive salts. Wadden sea is still an excellent nursery ground (Ref.35388).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Fortpflanzung | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Adult spawn when the temperature is around 6 °C (Ref. 4705).

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Partner

Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

  nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 October 2013

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

  Harmless




Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
FAO(Fischereien: production, Artbeschreibung; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mehr Information

Life cycle
Fortpflanzung
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Distribution
Länder
FAO Gebiete
Ecosystems
Vorkommen
Einführungen
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Gehirngröße
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Fisch Laute
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetik
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
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References
Referenzen

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Internet Quellen

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 6.8 - 12.4, mean 10.2 (based on 658 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6250   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00685 - 0.00880), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179):  mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.06-0.34; tm=2-6; tmax=30; Fec=50,000).
Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 28 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766):   Medium.