Philippines country information

Common names: Alho, Awa, Awa
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: McManus, J.W., C.L. Nañola Jr., R.B. Reyes Jr. and K.N. Kesner, 1992
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Migrated into Lake Mainit via the Tubay River, Mindanao (Ref. 4867, 13446). Reported from Dampalit, Malabon; Orani, Bataan; Balayan, Batangas; Bulan, Sorsogon; Dumaguete, Negros Oriental; Zamboanga, Mindanao (Ref. 280), and Laguna de Bay (Ref. 80824).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Herre, A.W.C.T., 1953
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Hawaiian giant herring, Guinée saumon, Malacho salmón, ... more

Classification / Names Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Elopiformes (Tarpons and tenpounders) > Elopidae (Tenpounders)
Etymology: Elops: Greek, ellops = a kind of serpent (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Regan.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecología

marino; agua dulce; salobre; anadromo (Ref. 51243); rango de profundidad 1 - 30 m (Ref. 6898). Tropical; 41°N - 40°S, 92°E - 138°W

Distribución Países | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Point map | Introducciones | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: from the Andaman Sea in the Eastern Indian Ocean to Western Australia and in the Pacific, from southern Japan to New South Wales and New Caledonia; throughout most of Oceania to the Hawaiian Is., Society Is., and Tuamotus (Ref. 86689). Currently treated as a single species, but this status should be considered provisional. Further studies may reveal a complex of closely related species, as in the case of Albula.

Tamaño / Peso / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 44894); common length : 50.0 cm SL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 10983); peso máximo publicado: 10.1 kg (Ref. 6736)

Short description Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría

Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 23 - 27; Espinas anales: 0; Radios blandos anales: 14 - 18. A gular plate present between arms of lower jaw. Branchiostegal rays numerous, approximately 20-25. All fins without spines. Scales very small, approximately 100 in lateral line.

A coastal fish, commonly entering lagoon, bays, and estuaries (including fishponds) (Ref. 2847, 58302), particularly around mangroves (Ref. 44894). Sometimes enters freshwater streams, but does not penetrate very far inland (Ref. 2847). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Younger fish often penetrate the lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 44894). An active swimmer, commonly traveling in schools in open water. Feeds on various fishes and crustaceans. Little detailed knowledge exists of its biology. Has a leptocephalus larva. Spawning takes place offshore and young larvae are found in the open sea, moving close to shore as they develop. Juveniles commonly found in salt marshes, canals, and tidal streams. Marketed fresh or frozen; in some places ground up as fish meal. A good sport fish on light tackle, striking a variety of artificial lures as well as live shrimp or baitfish. No separate statistics available. (Ref. 10983).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva

Main reference Upload your references | Referencias | Coordinador | Colaboradores

Smith, D.G., 1997. Elopidae. Ladyfishes, tenpounders. p. 1619-1620. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. (Ref. 10983)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Data deficient (DD) ; Date assessed: 17 November 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless (Ref. 4887)

Human uses

Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si

FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.5 - 29.3, mean 28.6 (based on 2710 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00256 - 0.01357), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nivel trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (88 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909