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Opisthonema libertate (Günther, 1867)

Pacific thread herring
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Opisthonema libertate   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Opisthonema libertate (Pacific thread herring)
Opisthonema libertate
Picture by Cotto Sánchez, A.J.


Mexico country information

Common names: Sardina crinuda, Sardina crinuda
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Found in the Gulf of California but rare on outer coast north of Baja California Sur (Ref. 35601).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Classificatie / Names Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Opisthonema: Greek, opisthe = behind + Greek,nema = filament (Ref. 45335).
  More on author: Günther.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; diepte ? - 70 m (Ref. 96339), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 11035).   Tropical; 28°N - 3°S, 112°W - 78°W (Ref. 54686)

Verspreiding Landen | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Point map | Introducties | Faunafri

Eastern Pacific: Santa Rosalita, Pacific coast of Baja, California, Mexico southward to Punta Sal and Punta Picos, Peru. (Earlier works probably combined data for Opisthonema bulleri and Opisthonema medirastre). Range is extended northwards to San Pedro, California (Ref. 35601). Rare on outer coast of Baja California Sur (Ref. 35601).

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 55763); common length : 22.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9291); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 261.36 g (Ref. 124487)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 13 - 21; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 12 - 23. The filamentous last dorsal fin ray distinguishes it from members of any other eastern Pacific clupeoid genus. Separated from eastern Pacific Opisthonema species by having 63 to 110 lower gill rakers in fishes over 14 cm standard length.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Usually occur near the surface of coastal and offshore waters, down to over bottom of continental shelf (Ref. 11035). Form dense schools. Apparently the most abundant of the eastern Pacific species of Opisthonema. Feed on phytoplankton (dinoflagellates and diatoms). Oviparous, with planktonic eggs and larvae (Ref. 35601). It is reduced to fish meal (Ref. 9291). Oil may be extracted (Ref. 9291). May be canned (Ref. 9291).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Oviparous (Ref. 35601).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 May 2007

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless




Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; aas: occasionally
FAO(visserij: productie, soortsprofiel; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Meer informatie

Trophic ecology
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Internetbronnen

Exoten/Invasieve soorten database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genoom, nucleotide) | GloBI | GOBASE | | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Scirus | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(ga naar, zoek) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 21.4 - 29, mean 27 (based on 86 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5312   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00504 - 0.01373), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  2.9   ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (K=0.22-0.5).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.