Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes)
鰈形目 (Flatfishes) >
Soleidae (Soles)
鰨科 (Soles)
Etymology: Pardachirus: Greek, pardias, -ou = a fish similar to grey mullet + Greek, cheir = hand (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 2 - 40 m (Ref. 1602). 熱帶; 32°N - 32°S
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and Tonga (Ref. 2334), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to Onslow, Australia.
印度-太平洋: 斯里蘭卡東至美屬薩摩亞與東加 (參考文獻 2334), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至旺斯羅 (澳洲).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2334); common length : 12.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9893)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 62 - 73; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 48 - 55. Eyes on right side. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal fin; pectoral fins absent; pelvic fins unequal, the right one with an elongated base and attached posteriorly to genital papilla (Ref. 9893). Series of toxic glands along the bases of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, their pores visible (Ref. 9893). Reddish brown, densely spotted on head; body and fins of ocular surface also with spots of various sizes and shapes, bordered by a dark rim and some with a blackish spot on center (Ref. 9893).
眼睛在右邊上。 背鰭與臀鰭與尾鰭分開; 胸鰭不存在; 腹鰭不相等的, 一個右邊的有一個瘦長的基底而且後面連接到生殖乳突.(參考文獻 9893) 成列的有毒腺沿著背鰭基底- 與臀鰭棘條他們的孔看得見的.(參考文獻 9893) 紅褐色的, 在頭部上有密集的斑點; 身體與有眼睛的一面的鰭也有被與一個深色的邊緣接壤而且在中心上一些具有一個黑色的斑點的各種不同大小與形狀的斑點。 (參考文獻 9893)
Occurs on sand and mud bottoms of lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 1602, 48637). Burries itself in the sand (Ref. 48637). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, especially small crustaceans (Ref. 9893). Extract from sac under the skin is toxic (Ref. 559) and the mucus appears to have shark-repellent qualities.
生活於潟湖與臨海礁石的沙與泥底部。 (參考文獻 1602) 主要吃底棲的無脊椎動物, 尤其小型甲殼動物.(參考文獻 9893) 來自在皮膚下面的囊的分泌物是有毒的 (參考文獻 559) ，而且黏液似乎有驅離鯊魚的性質。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 斯里蘭卡東至美屬薩摩亞與東加 (參考文獻 2334), 北至日本 (參考文獻 559), 南至旺斯羅 (澳洲).
Allen, G.R. and R. Swainston, 1988. The marine fishes of north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p. (Ref. 3132)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 24.8 - 29, mean 28.1 (based on 986 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00584 - 0.01711), b=3.10 (2.95 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.26 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
