Iraq country information

Common names: [No common name]
Occurrence: native
Salinity: marine
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Reported from Khor Al-Zubair, North-West of the Arabian Gulf (Ref. 96339).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/iz.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.bim.ie/index.html
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Hussain, N.A., A.K. Naiama and L.A.J. Al-Hassan, 1988
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Whipray, Gerrardi nuutrai, Bandzweepstaartpijlstaartrog, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: More on author: Gray.

Issue
Distribution to check.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; estuarina demersal; intervalo de profundidade ? - 50 m (Ref. 5578). Tropical

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

Indo-West Pacific: Oman to Indonesia; north to Taiwan.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ?, range 64 - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9840)

Likely confined to the inner continental shelf (Ref. 9840), over sandy and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Recorded from coastal waters and river mouths (Ref. 45255). Feeds on bottom crustaceans including shrimp, crabs and small lobsters (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Important food fish, the skin and flesh are dried or used to produce leather for purses and bags (Ref. 9840). Caught in very large quantities in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and trammel net fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref. 58048). It is parasitised on the dorsal skin surface by the monogeneans Dendromonocotyle citrosa, D. colorni, D. ukuthena (Ref. 124058) and D. lotteri (Ref. 124051).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Bears 2 young in summer (Ref. 5578). Gives birth to litters of 1-4 pups; born at 18-21 cm WD (Ref.58048).

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores

Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Ameaçada (EN) (A2d); Date assessed: 06 May 2020

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim; Aquário: Espécies comerciais

FAO(pescarias: produção; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Mais informação

Trophic ecology
Itens alimentares
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predadores

Ecology
Ecologia
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Population dynamics
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Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Frequência de comprimento
Mass conversions
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Abundances

Life cycle
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Fecundities
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Egg(s)
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Dinâmica larvar

Distribution
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BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
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Outras referências

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Tipo de natação
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de peixes
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
Genética
Electrophoreses
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Human related
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Perfis para aquacultura
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

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Nomes comuns
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References
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Consultar manutenção em aquários | Consultar ficha de espécies | Consultar fichas de aquacultura

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Página de resumo | Dado pontual | Nomes comuns | Fotografias

Fontes da internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 (based on 1116 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01622 (0.00606 - 0.04338), b=3.00 (2.77 - 3.23), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.55 se; based on food items.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Muito baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (Fec=2).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Low.

Maculabatis gerrardi (Gray, 1851)