Estonia country information

Common names: Harilik makrell, Mackerel, Makrell
Occurrence: stray
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: minor commercial | Ref: FAO, 1994
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: no uses
Comments: Considered a stray species in the Gulf of Riga and Gulf of Finland (Ref. 52079). Also Ref. 8984, 33247.
National Checklist: Estonian checklist - Fish
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/en.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983
National Database: Estonian Vertebrates

Common names from other countries

Maquereau commun, Caballa del Atlántico, Скумбрия обыкновенная, ... more

Classificação / Names Nomes comuns | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Espécies) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; estuarina; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 54254), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 54254). Temperate; 75°N - 30°N, 77°W - 42°E

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

North Atlantic: including the Mediterranean.

Length at first maturity / Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m 28.7, range 34 - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 35388); common length : 30.0 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 168); peso máx. Publicado: 3.4 kg (Ref. 9988); Idade máx. registada: 17 anos (Ref. 207)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Espinhos dorsais (total) : 8 - 14; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 11 - 13; Espinhos anais: 1; Raios anais moles: 12 - 13; Vértebras: 31. This species has the following characters: no well developed corselet; interpelvic process small and single; anal fin spine conspicuous, joined to the fin by a membrane but clearly independent of it; anal fin origin opposite that of second dorsal fin; no swim bladder; first haemal spine anterior to first interneural process; 21-28 interneural bones under first dorsal fin; markings on back oblique to near vertical, with relatively little undulating; belly unmarked (Ref. 168).

Abundant in cold and temperate shelf areas, forms large schools near the surface. They overwinter in deeper waters but move closer to shore in spring when water temperatures range between 11° and 14°C. Mainly diurnal, it feeds on zooplankton and small fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). The species is traded fresh, frozen, smoked and canned. Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Two stocks in north-east Atlantic: North Sea (east) and British Isles (west). North Sea stock decreased dramatically in the 1960's because of direct overfishing. Recruitment has been poor and unstable. After spawning, the adult feed very actively moving around in small shoals (Ref. 35388).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Collette, Bruce B. | Colaboradores

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Preocupação menor (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 June 2022

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial; peixe desportivo: sim

FAO(pescarias: produção, perfil da espécie; publication : search) | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 7 - 17.5, mean 10.2 (based on 2460 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00585 - 0.00713), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (rm=0.33-0.56; K=0.23-0.27; tm=2-3; tmax=17; Fec=200,000).

Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 10 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758