Canada country information

Common names: Chum, Chum salmon, Chum salmon
Occurrence: native
Salinity: freshwater
Abundance: | Ref:
Importance: commercial | Ref: Coker, G.A., C.B. Portt and C.K. Minns, 2001
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: restricted | Ref: Fisheries Branch, 1994
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Native species ranging from northern Canada to British Columbia; introduced into Ontario (Ref. 52559). Prepared smoked by the 'First Nations' (Ref. 6885). Utilized as dog food in the past (Ref. 4925). Also Ref. 5723, 9988, 27436, 86798, 95143, 96339, 119194, 125578. Status of threat of Columbia River population: threatened. Criteria: 1,2 (http://fisc.er.usgs.gov/afs/) (Ref. 81264).
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html
National Fisheries Authority: http://www.ncr.dfo.ca/home_e.htm
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Saumon chien, Keta, 大麻哈鱼, ... more

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Salmoniformes (Salmons) > Salmonidae (Salmonids) > Salmoninae
Etymology: Oncorhynchus: Greek, onyx, -ychos = nail + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Walbaum.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा बेनथोपिलाजिक; ऐनाढरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550), usually ? - 61 m (Ref. 96339). Temperate; 0°C - 24°C (Ref. 35682); 67°N - 24°N, 130°E - 110°W (Ref. 117423)

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

North Pacific: Korea , Japan, Okhotsk and Bering Sea (Ref. 1998), Arctic Alaska south to San Diego, California, USA. Asia: Iran (Ref. 39702).

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m 70.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 559); common length : 58.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3561); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 15.9 kg (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 7 वर्षो (Ref. 1998)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10 - 14; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 13 - 17; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 59 - 71. Distinguished by the lack of distinct black spots on the back and tail and by the presence of 18 to 28 short, stout, smooth gill rakers on the first arch (Ref. 27547). Pelvic fins with axillary process; caudal truncate to slightly emarginate (Ref. 27547). Large individuals are steel-blue dorsally, with speckles of black; silver on the sides; silvery to white ventrally. Males have tinges of black on the tips of its caudal, anal and pectoral fins. Spawning males are dark olive to black dorsally; grey-red with green vertical bars on the sides; dark grey ventrally; anal and pelvic fins with white tips. Spawning females resemble spawning males but less distinctly marked.

Inhabits ocean and coastal streams (Ref. 86798). Migrating fry form schools in estuaries, remain close to shore for a few months and finally disperse to enter the sea (Ref. 1998). Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). Juveniles and adults feed mainly on copepods, tunicates and euphausiids but also on pteropods, squid and small fishes (Ref. 1998). Adults cease feeding in freshwater (Ref. 1998). Males and females die after spawning. The catch is mostly canned but also sold fresh, dried-salted, smoked, and frozen. Eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988). Utilized for caviar.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Enters freshwater during advanced stage of sexual development and spawning occurs almost immediately (Ref. 1998). Spawning occurs at depths of ~3 meters, current speeds of ~20cm/sec. near the head waters over sand and pebbles at 4-11° C water temperature. At spawning time the female excavates a hole of around 1 meter diameter and 50 cm depth before spawning can occur (Ref. 12218). Nest building is done by the female by lying on one side and lashing its tail to displace the sand and silt on the river bed. The pair then settles in the nest, mouths gape, and with rapid vibration of the pair, eggs and milt are released. The female then covers the nest. Males are aggressive and may spawn with different females; females likewise may spawn with other males and therefore builds different nests. Adults die after a week (Ref. 1998). A fish spawns 700-7,000 eggs in two to three egg releases. Eggs are ~300-3,500 per spawn. Egg size is ~6.7 mm, water temp. is 8-10°C at 60 days before hatching. Larva size is around 16 mm. Come springtime the juveniles go to the ocean and come back 3-4 years later to their exact birthplace. This fish reaches maturity in 2-4 years. Larvae are found around the spawning site, Juveniles are found around the coast. Juveniles migrate to the ocean at ~27-45 mm during February at water temperatures around 4° C (Ref. 12218). Reproductive strategy: synchronous ovarian organization, determinate fecundity (Ref. 51846).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Not Evaluated

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य; जलीयकृषि: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय

FAO(Aquaculture systems: production; मात्स्यिकी: production, species profile; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
परभक्षी

Ecology
पारिस्थितिकी
Home ranges

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी

Distribution
देश
ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
संयोग
भूमिका
BRUVS - Videos

Anatomy
Gill areas
दिमाग
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
मत्स्य आवाज़े
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
आनुवंशिकी
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities

Human related
Aquaculture systems
जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
सहयोगीयो

Taxonomy
आम नाम
उपशब्द
आकृति विज्ञान
मौरफोमैटरिक्स
तस्वीरे

References
संदर्भ

साधन

Special reports

Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets

Download XML

Summary page | Point data | आम नाम | Photos

इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 1.1 - 8.3, mean 3.3 (based on 192 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00731 - 0.02730), b=3.10 (2.94 - 3.26), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.27-0.45; tm=2-5; tmax=6).

Prior r = 0.32, 95% CL = 0.21 - 0.48, Based on 8 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792)

Common names from other countries

Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

वितरण देश | ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र | Ecosystems | संयोग | Point map | भूमिका | Faunafri

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

जीवविज्ञान शब्द संग्रह (उदाहरणार्थ epibenthic)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

CITES (Ref. 128078)

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Threat to humans

Human uses

अधिक जानकारी

साधन

Special reports

Download XML

इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models