| 主要参考文献 | Karpenko, V.I. and E.T. Nikolaeva, 1989 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Juveniles are typically euryphagous. They feed on planktonic and benthic organisms. Food spectrum narrows during migration from the river to the sea. Diet composition is determined by river conditions and by the hydrological conditions of the coastal region of the sea, particularly the water level in the river and the tide cycle, as well as illumination at night (Ref. 9027). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
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|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Karpenko, V.I. and E.T. Nikolaeva, 1989 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Karpenko, V.I. and E.T. Nikolaeva, 1989 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 3.74 | 0.19 | 3.45 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.54 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Sobolevskii, E.I. and I.A. Senchenko, 1996 | ||||