Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water benthopelagisch; amfidroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 10 - 40 m (Ref. 9772). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 34°N - 35°S, 20°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, including Madagascar (absent in the Red Sea), eastward to southern China Sea and Queensland, Australia.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 19.7, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5284); common length : 40.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9772); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 7.0 kg (Ref. 9987); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 5 Jaren (Ref. 3625)
Dorsale stekels (totaal): 10 - 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal): 27-30; Anale stekels 2; Anale zachte stralen: 7 - 8
Found in coastal waters (Ref. 30573). Adults feed on fishes, prawns and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213, 9772). Generally marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 798 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00777 - 0.00932), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.8 (1.6 - 4.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.14-0.41; tm=1; tmax=5; Fec= 53,676).
Prior r = 0.56, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.83, Based on 4 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.5 [41.8, 125.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.766 [0.376, 1.336] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.198 [0.098, 0.350] g/100g; Selenium = 66 [36, 127] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.8 [6.2, 43.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.81, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.