Elasmobranchii (haaien en roggen) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335). More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
; marien demersaal. Tropical; 30°N - 24°S
Indo-West Pacific: Bay of Bengal to New Guinea, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia. Not occurring in the western Indian Ocean.
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?, range 85 - 90 cm
Max length : 410 cm TL mannelijk/geslacht niet bekend; (Ref. 9840)
Demersal on soft substrate inshore (Ref.58048). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth about 20 cm WD and 92 cm TL (Ref. 90102). Caught occasionally in the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geslachtsrijpheid | Voortplanting | Kuitschieten | Eieren | Fecundity | Larven
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 123251)
CITES (Ref. 123416)
Not Evaluated
Gevaarlijk voor mensen
Venomous
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Meer informatie
ReferentiesAquacultuurAquacultuurprofielKweeklijnenGeneticaAlleelfrequentiesErfelijkheidZiektenVerwerkingMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
115969): 25 - 29, mean 28.3 °C (based on 810 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82805): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00359 - 0.01840), b=3.11 (2.90 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar ().
Kwetsbaarheid (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (79 of 100) .