Family Bythitidae - Livebearing brotulas | ||||
Order | : | Ophidiiformes | ||
Class | : | Teleostei | ||
No. in FishBase | : | Genera : 38 | Species : 134 Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes | ||
Environment | : | Fresh : Yes | Brackish : Yes | Marine : Yes | ||
Division | : | Marine | ||
Aquarium | : | none | ||
First Fossil Record | : | |||
Remark | : | Distribution: Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific. Chiefly marine; rare in brackish and freshwaters. Morphology: Elongated body; long dorsal and anal-bases joined to caudal fin; skin loose, transparent and scaleless; pelvic fin with 0-1 ray; eyes poorly developed or not externally visible; basibranchial tooth patches and no swimbladder; developed rakers on anterior gill arches may be present or absent; males and often females with variously developed genital appendages; skeleton is poorly ossified except for Barathronus (Ref. 128809). Viviparous Tribe Dinematichthyini: Male copulatory organ with a penis and 1-2 (rarely 3) pairs of pseudoclaspers in cavity of ventral body wall covered by a fleshy hood; first anal fin pterygiophore slightly to strongly elongated; head pore system generally unreduced, 6 mandibular, 2-4 preopercular, 5-7 infraorbital, and 3-4 supraorbital pores, including supraorbital pore above the opercular spine; posteriormost supraorbital head pore tubular (Ref. 57884). D/V = anterior dorsal fin ray above vertebra number; D/A = anterior anal fin ray below dorsal fin ray number; V/A = anterior anal fin ray below vertebrae number; V in D = number of dorsal fin rays per ray-bearing vertebra (Ref. 76869). | ||
Etymology | : | Greek, bythios, -a, -on = that is at the bottom, sunken ( Ref. 45335). | ||
Reproductive guild | : | bearers | ||
Typical activity level | : | normal | ||
Main Ref. | : | Nelson, J.S. 1994 | ||
Coordinator | : | |||
Deep Fin Classification | : | Osteichthyes | Actinopterygii | Actinopteri | Neopterygii | Teleostei | Osteoglossocephalai | Clupeocephala | Euteleosteomorpha | Neoteleostei | Eurypterygia | Ctenosquamata | Acanthomorphata | Acanthopterygii | Percomorphaceae | Ophidiaria | | | Ophidiiformes | Bythitoidei | | Bythitidae |
Important recommendation:
The list below must not be used as an authority reference synonymy list like those found in scientific published revisions, which must be the source to be used and cited eventually when they exist.
Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.
But we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference.
Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes (genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species.
This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names).
The list ordered as follows:
Please send comments and corrections if you detect errors or missing names.
Scientifc name | Status | Senior/Junior synonym | Combination |
---|---|---|---|
Bythites fuscus Reinhardt, 1837 | accepted | senior | original |
Bythites gerdae Nielsen & Cohen, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Bythites islandicus Nielsen & Cohen, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Lucifuga subterranea Poey, 1858 | accepted | senior | original |
! Lucifuga subterraneus Poey, 1858 | synonym | senior | original |
Lucifuga dentata Poey, 1858 | accepted | senior | original |
! Lucifuga dentatus Poey, 1858 | synonym | senior | original |
Stygicola dentatus (Poey, 1858) | synonym | senior | new |
! Stygicola dentata (Poey, 1858) | synonym | senior | new |
Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970 | accepted | senior | original |
! Lucifuga spelaeoteus Cohen & Robins, 1970 | synonym | senior | original |
Lucifuga simile Nalbant, 1981 | accepted | senior | original |
Lucifuga teresinarum Díaz Pérez, 1988 | accepted | senior | original |
Lucifuga inopinata Cohen & McCosker, 1998 | accepted | senior | original |
Lucifuga lucayana Møller, Schwarzhans, Iliffe & Nielsen, 2006 | accepted | senior | original |
Lucifuga spelaeotes (non Cohen & Robins, 1970) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Lucifuga gibarensis Hernández, Møller, Casane & García-Machado, 2020 | accepted | senior | original |
Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres, 1854) | accepted | senior | new |
Brosmius marginatus Ayres, 1854 | synonym | senior | original |
Aphyonus gelatinosus Günther, 1878 | accepted | senior | original |
Aphyonus mollis Goode & Bean, 1886 | synonym | junior | original |
Bellottia apoda Giglioli, 1883 | accepted | senior | original |
Bellottia armiger (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | accepted | senior | new |
Xenobythites armiger Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Bellottia galatheae Nielsen & Møller, 2008 | accepted | senior | original |
Bellottia armiger (non Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Bellottia cryptica Nielsen, Ross & Cohen, 2009 | accepted | senior | original |
Bellottia robusta Nielsen, Ross & Cohen, 2009 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus bicolor Goode & Bean, 1886 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus parfaiti (Vaillant, 1888) | accepted | senior | new |
Alexeterion parfaiti Vaillant, 1888 | synonym | senior | original |
Barathronus affinis Brauer, 1906 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus diaphanus Brauer, 1906 | accepted | senior | original |
! Barathronus diaphanous Brauer, 1906 | synonym | senior | original |
Barathronus bruuni Nielsen, 1969 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus pacificus Nielsen & Eagle, 1974 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus unicolor Nielsen, 1984 | synonym | junior | original |
Barathronus maculatus Shcherbachev, 1976 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus multidens Nielsen, 1984 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus linsi Nielsen, Mincarone & Di Dario, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus algrahami Nielsen, Pogonoski & Appleyard, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Barathronus maculatus (non Shcherbachev, 1976) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Barathronus roulei Nielsen, 2019 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx messieri (Günther, 1878) | accepted | senior | new |
Sirembo messieri Günther, 1878 | synonym | senior | original |
! Cataetix messieri (Günther, 1878) | synonym | senior | new |
Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx simus Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original |
! Cataetix simus Garman, 1899 | synonym | senior | original |
Cataetyx alleni (Byrne, 1906) | accepted | senior | new |
Pteridium alleni Byrne, 1906 | synonym | senior | original |
Cataetyx leucos (Osório, 1917) | ambiguous | questionable | new |
Oculospinus brevis Koefoed, 1927 | synonym | junior | original |
Cataetyx brevis (Koefoed, 1927) | synonym | junior | new |
Cataetyx lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | accepted | senior | new |
Bythites lepidogenys Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Abythites lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | synonym | senior | new |
Bythites matsubarai Arai, 1969 | synonym | junior | original |
Cataetyx matsubarai (Arai, 1969) | synonym | junior | new |
Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx memorabilis Meyer-Rochow, 1970 | synonym | junior | original |
Cataetyx messieri (non Günther, 1878) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Cataetyx hawaiiensis Gosline, 1954 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx bruuni (Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963) | accepted | senior | new |
Oculospinus bruuni Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963 | synonym | senior | original |
Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus Cohen, 1981 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx platyrhynchus Machida, 1984 | accepted | senior | original |
Cataetyx nielseni Balushkin & Prokofiev, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Günther, 1887 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma japonicum (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887) | accepted | senior | new |
Myxocephalus japonicus Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887 | synonym | senior | original |
! Diplacanthopoma japonicus (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887) | synonym | senior | new |
Diplacanthopoma riversandersoni Alcock, 1895 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma alcockii Goode & Bean, 1896 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma raniceps Alcock, 1898 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma jordani Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma brunneum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
! Diplacanthopoma brunnea Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma nigripinnis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924 | accepted | senior | original |
Sarcocara nigripinnis (Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924) | synonym | senior | new |
Diplacanthopoma kreffti Cohen & Nielsen, 2002 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster maculata Alcock, 1889 | accepted | senior | original |
! Saccogaster maculatus Alcock, 1889 | synonym | senior | original |
Diplacanthopoma maculatum (Alcock, 1889) | synonym | senior | new |
Saccogaster tuberculata (Chan, 1966) | accepted | senior | new |
Barbuliceps tuberculatus Chan, 1966 | synonym | senior | original |
! Saccogaster tuberculatus (Chan, 1966) | synonym | senior | new |
Saccogaster hawaii Cohen & Nielsen, 1972 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster parva Cohen & Nielsen, 1972 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster staigeri Cohen & Nielsen, 1972 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster brayae Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster horrida Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Saccogaster nikoliviae Nielsen, Schwarzhans & Cohen, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Hephthocara simum Alcock, 1892 | accepted | senior | original |
! Hepthocara simum Alcock, 1892 | synonym | senior | original |
Hephthocara crassiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
Grammonus ater (Risso, 1810) | accepted | senior | new |
Oligopus ater Risso, 1810 | synonym | senior | original |
Oligopus niger Risso, 1827 | synonym | junior | original |
Grammonus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) | accepted | senior | new |
Eutyx diagrammus Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 | synonym | senior | original |
Oligopus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) | synonym | senior | new |
Pteraclis diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) | synonym | senior | new |
Grammonus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | accepted | senior | original |
Oligopus robustus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | synonym | senior | new |
Grammonus claudei (Torre y Huerta, 1930) | accepted | senior | new |
Benthocometes claudei Torre y Huerta, 1930 | synonym | senior | original |
Oligopus claudei (Torre y Huerta, 1930) | synonym | senior | new |
Grammonus mowbrayi Grey, 1951 | synonym | junior | original |
Grammonus opisthodon Smith, 1934 | accepted | senior | original |
Grammonoides opisthodon (Smith, 1934) | synonym | senior | new |
! Grammonous opisthodon Smith, 1934 | synonym | senior | original |
Grammonus longhursti (Cohen, 1964) | accepted | senior | new |
Oligopus longhursti Cohen, 1964 | synonym | senior | original |
Grammonus waikiki (Cohen, 1964) | accepted | senior | new |
Oligopus waikiki Cohen, 1964 | synonym | senior | original |
Grammonus niger (Gosline, 1953) | ambiguous | homonym | new |
Grammonus thielei Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 | accepted | senior | original |
Grammonus yunokawai Nielsen, 2007 | accepted | senior | original |
Oligopus robustus (non Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | misapplied | misapplied | new |
Grammonus nagaredai Randall & Hughes, 2008 | accepted | senior | original |
Grammonus minutus Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 | accepted | senior | original |
Pseudonus acutus Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original |
Pseudonus squamiceps (Lloyd, 1907) | accepted | senior | new |
Diplacanthopoma squamiceps Lloyd, 1907 | synonym | senior | original |
Cataetyx platycephalus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 | synonym | junior | original |
Pseudonus platycephalus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913) | synonym | junior | new |
Sciadonus pedicellaris Garman, 1899 | accepted | senior | original |
Sciadonus kullenbergi Nybelin, 1957 | synonym | junior | original |
Leucochlamys galatheae Nielsen, 1969 | synonym | junior | original |
Sciadonus galatheae (Nielsen, 1969) | synonym | junior | new |
Sciadonus cryptophthalmus (Zugmayer, 1911) | accepted | senior | new |
Leucochlamys cryptophthalmus Zugmayer, 1911 | synonym | senior | original |
Sciadonus jonassoni (Nybelin, 1957) | accepted | senior | new |
Leucochlamys jonassoni Nybelin, 1957 | synonym | senior | original |
Sciadonus longiventralis Nielsen, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Sciadonus robinsorum Nielsen, 2018 | accepted | senior | original |
Sciadonus robinsi Nielsen, 2018 | synonym | senior | original |
Petrotyx hopkinsi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903 | accepted | senior | original |
Petrotyx sanguineus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928) | accepted | senior | new |
Pseudobythites sanguineus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928 | synonym | senior | original |
Parabrotula plagiophthalma Zugmayer, 1911 | accepted | senior | original |
! Parabrotula plagiophthalmus Zugmayer, 1911 | synonym | senior | original |
Parabrotula dentiens Beebe, 1932 | synonym | junior | original |
Parabrotula tanseimaru Miya & Nielsen, 1991 | accepted | senior | original |
Bidenichthys capensis Barnard, 1934 | accepted | senior | original |
Bidenichthys consobrinus (Hutton, 1876) | accepted | senior | new |
Dinematichthys consobrinus Hutton, 1876 | synonym | senior | original |
Bidenichthys paxtoni (Nielsen & Cohen, 1986) | accepted | senior | new |
Melodichthys paxtoni Nielsen & Cohen, 1986 | synonym | senior | original |
Fiordichthys paxtoni (Nielsen & Cohen, 1986) | synonym | senior | new |
Bidenichthys beeblebroxi Paulin, 1995 | accepted | senior | original |
Bidenichthys slartibartfasti (Paulin, 1995) | accepted | senior | new |
Fiordichthys slartibartfasti Paulin, 1995 | synonym | senior | original |
Leucobrotula adipata Koefoed, 1952 | accepted | senior | original |
! Leucobrotula adipatus Koefoed, 1952 | synonym | senior | original |
Microbrotula rubra Gosline, 1953 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula polyactis Anderson, 2005 | synonym | junior | original |
Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson, 2005 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula greenfieldi Anderson, 2007 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula punicea Anderson, 2007 | accepted | senior | original |
! Microbrotula puniceus Anderson, 2007 | synonym | senior | original |
Microbrotula andersoni Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula hamata Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Microbrotula geraldalleni Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2012 | accepted | senior | original |
Stygnobrotula latebricola Böhlke, 1957 | accepted | senior | original |
! Stignobrotula latebricola Böhlke, 1957 | synonym | senior | original |
Eutyx tumidirostris Boeseman, 1960 | synonym | junior | original |
Brosmophyciops pautzkei Schultz, 1960 | accepted | senior | original |
! Brosmophyciops pautskei Schultz, 1960 | synonym | senior | original |
! Brosmophysiops pautzkei Schultz, 1960 | synonym | senior | original |
Dinematichthys iluocaetoides (non Bleeker, 1855) | misapplied | misapplied | misapplied |
Thalassobathia pelagica Cohen, 1963 | accepted | senior | original |
Thalassobathia nelsoni Lee, 1974 | accepted | senior | original |
Spectrunculus nelsoni (Lee, 1974) | synonym | senior | new |
Calamopteryx goslinei Böhlke & Cohen, 1966 | accepted | senior | original |
Calamopteryx jeb Cohen, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Calamopteryx robinsorum Cohen, 1973 | accepted | senior | original |
Meteoria erythrops Nielsen, 1969 | accepted | senior | original |
Meteoria pauciradiatus (Nielsen, 1997) | accepted | senior | new |
Parasciadonus pauciradiatus Nielsen, 1997 | synonym | senior | original |
Meteoria longidorsalis Nielsen, 2016 | accepted | senior | original |
Nybelinella erikssoni (Nybelin, 1957) | accepted | senior | new |
Barathronus erikssoni Nybelin, 1957 | synonym | senior | original |
Nybelinella brevidorsalis Shcherbachev, 1976 | accepted | senior | original |
Nybelinella brevianalis Nielsen, 2017 | accepted | senior | original |
Parasciadonus brevibrachium Nielsen, 1984 | accepted | senior | original |
Melodichthys hadrocephalus Nielsen & Cohen, 1986 | accepted | senior | original |
Brosmodorsalis persicinus Paulin & Roberts, 1989 | accepted | senior | original |
Hastatobythites arafurensis Machida, 1997 | accepted | senior | original |
Acarobythites larsonae Machida, 2000 | accepted | senior | original |
Tuamotuichthys bispinosus Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004 | accepted | senior | original |
Tuamotuichthys marshallensis Nielsen, Schwarzhans, Møller & Randall, 2006 | accepted | senior | original |
Tuamotuichthys schwarzhansi Nielsen & Møller, 2008 | accepted | senior | original |
Megacataetyx niki (Cohen, 1981) | accepted | senior | new |
Cataetyx niki Cohen, 1981 | synonym | senior | original |
! Cataetyx miki Cohen, 1981 | synonym | senior | original |
Thermichthys hollisi (Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990) | accepted | senior | new |
Bythites hollisi Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990 | synonym | senior | original |
Gerhardia hollisi (Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990) | synonym | senior | new |
Majungaichthys simplex Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007 | accepted | senior | original |
Majungaichthys agalegae Schwarzhans & Møller, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Majungaichthys simplex (non Schwarzhans & Møller, 2007) | misapplied | misapplied | original |
Anacanthobythites platycephalus Anderson, 2008 | accepted | senior | original |
Anacanthobythites tasmaniensis Anderson, 2008 | accepted | senior | original |
Ematops randalli (Cohen & Wourms, 1976) | accepted | senior | new |
Microbrotula randalli Cohen & Wourms, 1976 | synonym | senior | original |
Timorichthys disjunctus Nielsen & Schwarzhans, 2011 | accepted | senior | original |
Timorichthys angustus Nielsen, Okamoto & Schwarzhans, 2013 | accepted | senior | original |
Parasaccogaster normae (Cohen & Nielsen, 1972) | accepted | senior | new |
Saccogaster normae Cohen & Nielsen, 1972 | synonym | senior | original |
Parasaccogaster melanomycter (Cohen, 1981) | accepted | senior | new |
Saccogaster melanomycter Cohen, 1981 | synonym | senior | original |
Parasaccogaster rhamphidognatha (Cohen, 1987) | accepted | senior | new |
Saccogaster rhamphidognatha Cohen, 1987 | synonym | senior | original |
Paraphyonus brevidorsalis (Nielsen, 1969) | accepted | senior | new |
Aphyonus brevidorsalis Nielsen, 1969 | synonym | senior | original |
Paraphyonus bolini (Nielsen, 1974) | accepted | senior | new |
Aphyonus bolini Nielsen, 1974 | synonym | senior | original |
Paraphyonus rassi (Nielsen, 1975) | accepted | senior | new |
Aphyonus rassi Nielsen, 1975 | synonym | senior | original |
Paraphyonus solomonensis (Nielsen & Møller, 2008) | accepted | senior | new |
Barathronus solomonensis Nielsen & Møller, 2008 | synonym | senior | original |
Paraphyonus iselini Nielsen, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |
Paraphyonus merretti Nielsen, 2015 | accepted | senior | original |