Pethia longicauda Katwate, Paingankar, Raghavan & Dahanukar, 2014

Family:  Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps), subfamily: Smiliogastrinae
Max. size:  3.77 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  Asia: Hiranyakeshi River in Maharashtra, India.
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-11; Anal soft rays: 8-8; Vertebrae: 30-30. The following combination of characters separate this species from all its congeners: caudal peduncle distinct, long and shallow; lateral line incomplete; lateral-line pored scales ceasing after 5th or 6th lateral-line scale; 22-24 scales in lateral series; ½3/1/3½ transverse scale rows; no barbels; lips well developed with a distinct lateral fold on snout; first ceratobranchial with 13-14 rakers; dorsal fin origin closer to the snout tip than to base of the caudal peduncle; 5 predorsal neural spines; dark-black humeral spot covering 3rd and 4th lateral-line scales and extending to one scale above the lateral-line row; caudal peduncle with two black blotches with first one distinct, covering 16th-18th scale in lateral series, and second one hazy, covering 20th-22nd scales in lateral series (Ref. 96889).
Biology:  Inhabits flooded temporary pools, riffles and runs with boulders and gravel as substratum with riparian vegetation. Occurs together with other species of Salmostoma, Devario, Danio, Rasbora and Acanthocobitis (Ref. 96889).
IUCN Red List Status: Vulnerable (VU); Date assessed: 28 June 2020 (B1ab(iii)) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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