Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 70 m (Ref. 13608). Tropical; 12°N - 13°S, 82°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Brazil.
Size / Vikt / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); common length : 25.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5217); publicerad maxvikt: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5217)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 3; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 29; Taggstrålar i analfenan 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 23 - 25; Ryggkotor: 36 - 38. Head depressed, trunk compressed; molariform teeth on both jaws; no venomous gland on any spine; body brownish dorsally with black diffuse mottlings, pale ventrally; lateral line pores distinct with white spots; fin membranes black distally (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits littoral (subtidal) waters; usually found on sandy or rock bottom; large fish may be found in waters less than 1 m of depth hiding in crevices or caves (Ref. 3273). Feeds mostly on molluscs and crustaceans. Reported to be moderately abundant and regularly consumed by fishermen (Ref. 50841). Eggs are deposited on the shells of mollusks and on stones. One of the very few marine fishes that guards fry and juveniles. It is caught in traps and special types of hooks (garrapinos) (Ref. 50841). Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver
One of the few marine fishes that provide posthatching care. Males actively guard free-swimming juveniles in burrows (Ref. 13442, 101618). Males may mate more than once a year (Ref. 101618).
Collette, B.B., 1978. Batrachoididae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3273)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell
Ytterligare information
referenserVattenbrukVattenbruksprofilAvelslinjerGenetikElectrophoresesÄrftlighetSjukdomarBehandlingNutrientsMass conversion
MedarbetareBilderStamps, Coins Misc.LjudCiguateraHastighetSimsättGälytaOtolithsHjärnstorlekSyn
Verktyg
Special reports
Download XML
Internet-källor
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.9 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 130 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [24.7, 81.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.492 [0.297, 0.979] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.108 [0.064, 0.188] g/100g; Selenium = 38.2 [20.3, 75.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 99.4 [33.8, 276.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.82, 1.61] mg/100g (wet weight);
