分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 0 - 20 m (Ref. 9002). 溫帶; 25°S - 43°S, 135°E - 180°E
Western Pacific: southeastern Australia (southern Queensland to South Australia) and New Zealand.
西太平洋: 澳洲東南部 (對澳洲南部的昆士蘭南部) 與紐西蘭。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 29.5, range 22 - ? cm
Max length : 71.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6390); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2158); 最大體重: 4.0 kg (Ref. 6390); 最大年齡: 24 年 (Ref. 95598)
Adults favor estuarine (including mangroves), rocky reef and inshore, coastal water habitats (Ref. 5962, 27248). They flourish in seagrass areas (Ref. 6390). Ludericks are moderately sedentary, schooling fish. They are herbivorous and feed primarily on seagrasses (Ref. 6390). Filamentous algae (Ref. 26966) and cabbage weed also form part of their diet (Ref. 28607). Marketed as fresh fish (Ref. 10384).
他們喜歡河口的 (包括紅樹林) 又岩石的礁與沿海地區，海岸水域棲息地。 (參考文獻 5962,27248) 他們在海草區域中活躍。 (參考文獻 6390) Ludericks 是一般定棲又群游性魚。 他們是食草的而且主要捕食海草。 (參考文獻 6390) 菌絲藻 (參考文獻 26966) 與捲心菜雜草也形成部分的他們的食性。 (參考文獻 28607) 在市場上新鮮銷售魚.(參考文獻 10384)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Maturing luderick form large aggregations. Mature fish undertake 'runs' from inside the rivers and coastal lakes to the sea. The fish spawn in the surf zone and estuary mouths (Ref. 6390).西太平洋: 澳洲東南部 (對澳洲南部的昆士蘭南部) 與紐西蘭。
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993. Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p. (Ref. 6390)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.6 - 23.6, mean 16.6 °C (based on 229 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00626 - 0.01752), b=3.03 (2.88 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.2; Fec=300,000; tmax=24).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.47, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (81 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 26.6 [13.6, 47.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.295 [0.151, 0.530] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.4, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.334 [0.164, 0.724] g/100g; Selenium = 13.4 [5.4, 31.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.94 [1.71, 26.86] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.729 [0.487, 1.182] mg/100g (wet weight);
