Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; eau douce; saumâtre démersal; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: 10 - ?; profondeur 1 - 40 m (Ref. 5217). Tropical; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
Western Atlantic: Gulf of Paria to the Amazon River in Brazil.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 29.3 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 71685); common length : 25.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 5217)
Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 11-12; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 11. Body except for snout, pectoral base and caudal peduncle covered with prickles; teeth fused into plates, two plates on each jaw; nostril with two openings; body dark green dorsally with six transverse black bars, white ventrally; fins dusky green or dark brown (Ref. 13608).
Solitary or in groups of 2 or 3 individuals but never in schools (Ref. 35237). Inhabits shallow inshore waters usually on soft bottoms. Frequently found in freshwater (Ref. 13608). When threatened, it becomes inflated like a balloon, in order to ward off predators. Carnivorous, feeding mainly on mollusks which crushes with its powerful teeth (Ref. 35237). Of negligible commercial importance and usually not marketed (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992. Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aquas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América. FAO, Rome. 513 p. Preparado con el financiamento de la Comisión de Comunidades Europeas y de NORAD. (Ref. 5217)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Aquarium: Commercial
Plus d'informations
Noms communsSynonymesMétabolismePrédateursÉcotoxicologieReproductionMaturitéFraiRassemblement de ponteFéconditéŒufsDéveloppement de l'œuf
RéférencesAquacultureProfil d'aquacultureSouchesGénétiqueElectrophoresesHéritabilitéPathologiesTraitementNutrientsMass conversion
Outils
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28, mean 27.3 °C (based on 210 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02512 (0.01608 - 0.03923), b=2.86 (2.74 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Haut, temps minimum de doublement de population inférieur à 15 mois (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).