分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings)
鯡形目 (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies)
鯷科 (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Lycengraulis: Greek, lykos = wolf + Greek, eggraulis, -eos = anchovy (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Spix & Agassiz.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 ? - 40 m (Ref. 5217). 亞熱帶的; 19°N - 41°S, 88°W - 34°W (Ref. 101638)
Western Atlantic: Belize (but no southerly records until Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela); then from Gulf of Venezuela and Trinidad south to Argentina at Carmen de Patagones; also lower and sometimes middle parts of the Orinoco, the Amazon to above Manaus, and Paraná to about Corrientes, and in smaller rivers.
西大西洋: 貝里斯;(但是沒有向南的記錄直到湖 Maracaibo, 委內瑞拉) 然後從委內瑞拉灣與千里達在 Carmen de Patagones 南至阿根廷; 也奧里諾科河的下游與有時中游, 亞馬遜河在馬瑙斯之上, 與 Parana 到大約 Corrientes, 與在較小的河中。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 11.2 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 50628); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 57.00 g (Ref. 118626)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 13-14; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 21 - 28. Depth widely variable. Snout about 2/3 eye diameter; maxilla moderate, pointed, reaching onto sub-operculum. Gill rakers short, the longest not less than pupil diameter in adults. Dorsal fin origin behind midpoint of body; anal fin origin below 6th-8th branched dorsal fin rays. Silver stripe up to twice eye diameter at widest, lost in fishes over 10 cm SL. Curve of black dots on operculum (Ref. 189). Grayish blue dorsally, fins yellowish with translucent membranes and a blackish caudal margin (Ref. 27363).
深度廣泛可變。 吻大約 2/3 眼直徑; 顎骨中等的﹐尖的, 延伸到子鰓蓋上面。 鰓耙短, 不少於瞳孔直徑當成魚時的最長的。 身體的背鰭起點中點後面; 在第六到第八分枝背鰭鰭條之下的臀鰭起源。 銀色的斑紋向上到兩次眼直徑在寬的, 在超過 10 公分 SL 的魚中失去。 在鰓蓋上的黑色點的彎曲.(參考文獻 189) 灰藍色背面, 鰭淡黃色的有半透明的薄膜與黑色的尾部邊緣.(參考文獻 27363)
Occurs in brackish estuaries and adjacent marine areas; penetrates freshwater (Ref. 5217). Forms moderate schools. Usually migrating from estuaries or the sea, but possibly the limnichthys of Lake Maracaibo and the amazonensis represent purely freshwater forms. In freshwater, it feeds principally on small fishes, prawns and copepods; also insect larvae. At sea, it feeds on fishes and various crustaceans. Spawns in freshwater. Year round occurrence of eggs reported.
出現於半鹹淡的河口與毗連的海洋區域; 深入淡水。 (參考文獻 5217) 形成中等的魚群。 通常從河口或海洋迴游, 湖 Maracaibo 的 limnichthys 與 amazonensis 代表純淡水類型但是可能。 在淡水中，它主要捕食小魚，蝦與橈腳類的動物; 也昆蟲幼生。 在海上，它吃魚與各種不同的甲殼動物。 產卵在淡水。 卵的每年一次發生報告。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 貝里斯;(但是沒有向南的記錄直到湖 Maracaibo, 委內瑞拉) 然後從委內瑞拉灣與千里達在 Carmen de Patagones 南至阿根廷; 也奧里諾科河的下游與有時中游, 亞馬遜河在馬瑙斯之上, 與 Parana 到大約 Corrientes, 與在較小的河中。
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.1 - 28, mean 26.2 °C (based on 250 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00562 (0.00465 - 0.00681), b=3.16 (3.10 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tmax>3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 117 [67, 246] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.93, 2.82] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.718 [0.413, 1.409] g/100g; Selenium = 15.1 [7.6, 31.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [6.2, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.05 [0.73, 1.51] mg/100g (wet weight);
