分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Probarbinae
Etymology: Probarbus: Greek, pro = first, in front of + Latin, barbus = barbel (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Sauvage.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 37770). 熱帶; 28°N - 5°N
Asia: Mekong, Chao Phraya and Meklong basins of Indo-China and Thailand, and the Pahang and Perak basins of Malaysia (Ref. 7427). Catch, trade and transportation forbidden in Laos (Ref. 12217).
亞洲: 印度支那與泰國的湄公河，湄南河與 Meklong 河流域 , 與彭亨與馬來西亞的 Perak 流域.(參考文獻 7427) 捕捉, 貿易與運輸在寮國禁止。 (參考文獻 12217) 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 150 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30857); common length : 28.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 2073); 最大体重: 70.0 kg (Ref. 12369)
背的软条 (总数): 13; 臀鳍软条: 8. Differs from P. labeamajor in having only 5 (instead of 6) stripes between lateral line scale row and dorsal fin base; lips not enlarged, free posterior margin of lower lip interrupted at midline; large adults without mentum; maxillary barbel invariably well developed, length one-third or more of eye diameter. The only species in which body stripes may extend to every scale row, but this only occurs in some larger and more darkly pigmented individuals. P. labeamajor and P. labeaminor have no more than three stripes below lateral line scale row, and the abdomen is uniformly white. Adults and larger juveniles of P. jullieni usually have much more red and sometimes yellow coloration on head, body, and fins than the other two species. Scale rows between lateral line scale row and pelvic fin 4.
在只有在侧线鳞片列与背鳍基底之间的 5(取代 6)条斑纹方面有别于 P. labeamajor; 唇不被增大,下唇的分离后缘在中线中断; 没有 mentum 的大的成鱼; 上颌骨触须不变化地发展良好的, 长度眼直径的三分之一或更多。 唯一的种在那一个身体斑纹可能延伸到每鳞片列，但是这只出现于一些更大与更更多深色的个体中。 P. labeamajor 与 P. labeaminor 没有超过三条斑纹在侧线下鳞片列，而且腹部是全白色的。 P. jullieni 的成鱼与较大的稚鱼通常有更多红色与有时黄色的颜色在头部，身体与鳍上超过另一个二个种。 在侧线鳞片列与腹鳍 4 之间的鳞片列.
Inhabits mainly the mainstream of large rivers (Ref. 10431), with sand or gravel substrates and abundant mollusks populations (Ref. 12693). Occurs in deep slow reaches (Ref. 37769). Feeds on aquatic plants, insects and shelled mollusks. Spawns in winter (late December-early February) in big riverine deltas over sand and gravel substrate with water current of 1.3 m/sec (Ref. 6459). Undertakes spawning and trophic migrations in the Mekong basin. Trophic migrations occurs throughout its occurrence range which takes place mainly at the onset of the flood season and are mainly undertaken by juveniles and subadults (Ref. 37770). Upstream spawning migrations take place between October and February from Kompong Cham in Cambodia to Chiang Khong in Thailand. At Chiang Khong , fishermen reported that Probarbus moves up the tributary Nam Ta in Laos to breed in March-April. Three Probarbus species were also reported to migrate together, but spawn separately, in January-February at Sungkom, Nong Khai Province in Thailand (Ref. 37770). Egg is buoyant, yellow and 2 mm in diameter. Hatching occurs in 32 hrs at 23°C (Ref. 6459). An excellent foodfish, sometimes consumed raw, but rather scarce so it fetches a high market price (Ref. 2686). Eggs are especially priced (Ref. 12369). Used to be cultured commercially in Thailand (Ref. 7306). May be caught individually or in small numbers of any size incidentally with gillnetting and other fishing activities, at virtually any time or place in the Mekong mainstream (Ref. 10431), but mostly caught during November-January spawning migration, when it is by far the most important species in fisheries catch (Ref. 12369). In the Mekong this important fisheries species is under serious long-term decline and this decline evidently is basin wide and the most obvious (but not necessarily only) reason is overfishing with gillnets during the reproductive migrations and spawning periods (Ref. 10431). Attains 70 kg or more, but mostly marketed size nowadays are 5-20 kg (Ref. 12369).
主要栖息于大河 (参考文献 10431) 的主流，具有砂或砾石底部的地方与丰富的软件动物族群。 (参考文献 12693) 出现于深且和缓的河段。 (参考文献 37769) 吃水生植物，昆虫与有壳的软件动物。 在沙与碎石底部上的大河川三角洲水流速度 1.3 公尺/秒的地方中产卵在冬天 (十二月下旬-二月初) 。 (参考文献 6459) 进行产卵与在湄公河流域中觅食回游。 觅食回游各处发生它的分布范围主要发生在洪水季节的开始而且主要是由稚鱼与亚成鱼进行.(参考文献 37770) 向上游生殖回游在从在柬埔寨的 Kompong 鞑靼到泰国的清孔县的十月与二月之间发生。 在清孔县，渔夫报告了 Probarbus 在老挝的支流的 Nam Ta 上面移动在三月到四月中繁殖。 三个 Probarbus 种也被报告一起移动, 但是分开的产卵, 在一月-二月中在 Sungkom, 在泰国的 Nong Khai 省.(参考文献 37770) 卵是有浮力的, 黄色的与 2 mm 直径。 以 23个 ° C 在 32 hrs 孵化。 (参考文献 6459) 一个优良的食用鱼,有时消费了生的肉, 但是相当难得因此它取得，一个高的市场定价格。 (参考文献 2686) 卵是被特别定价.(参考文献 12369) 在泰国用于商业性地养殖了。 (参考文献 7306) 可能是捕捉个别地或者数目很少地任何大小附随地以流刺网与其他的钓鱼活动, 在湄公河主流 (参考文献 10431) 的事实上任何的时间或地点, 但是在十一月期间大部份捕捉了-被产卵迁移的一月, 当它是渔业渔捞的显然最重要的种时候.(参考文献 12369) 在湄公河中这个重要的经济鱼种是处于严重的长期减少与这一个减少明显地是整个流域的与最明显的 (但是不必然地唯一的) 理由被在生殖回游与产卵期期间使用刺网过度渔捞。 (参考文献 10431) 达到 70个公斤或更多，但是市场上大部分的大小时下是 5-20 公斤。 (参考文献 12369)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
亞洲: 印度支那與泰國的湄公河，湄南河與 Meklong 河流域 , 與彭亨與馬來西亞的 Perak 流域.(參考文獻 7427) 捕捉, 貿易與運輸在寮國禁止。 (參考文獻 12217) 國際間的買賣禁止。 ( 引用 I, 自從 1.7.75 以後)
Roberts, T.R., 1992. Revision of the Southeast Asian cyprinid fish genus Probarbus, with two new species threatened by proposed construction of dams on the Mekong River. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 3(1):37-48. (Ref. 7427)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 实验的; 游钓鱼种: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00173 - 0.01152), b=3.12 (2.89 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 119 [58, 216] mg/100g; Iron = 1.03 [0.59, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 17.5 [16.4, 18.5] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.063, 0.292] g/100g; Selenium = 68.7 [31.3, 150.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.2 [5.2, 47.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.27 [0.87, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight);
