分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Siluriformes (Catfishes) >
Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Etymology: Clarias: Greek, chlaros = lively, in reference to the ability of the fish to live for a long time out of water.
More on author: Weber.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 居于水底的. 熱帶; 6°N - 30°S
Africa: Zambezi, Kafue and Shire Rivers; Upper Congo system; Lakes Tanganyika, Bangweulu, Kobo, Niumbe, Mweru and Malawi; Chobe, Okavango and Cunene Rivers; Pungwe, Sabi, Lundi Rivers and Zimbabwean tributaries of the Limpopo River; Incomati, Pongolo and Umgeni rivers and Lake Sibaya in Natal and Transvaal tributaries of the Limpopo (Ref. 3820). Also in the middle Congo (Ref. 106245), including the Ubangi (Ref. 248) and several southern tributaries of the Kasai (Ref. 248, 11970) and in the Cuanza in Angola (Ref. 120641).
非洲: 尚比西河， Kafue 與雪利河; 剛果河上游流域; 坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu ， Kobo ， Niumbe ， Mweru 與馬拉威; Chobe ，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河; 林波波河的 Pungwe ， Sabi ， Lundi 河與 Zimbabwean 支流; 在納塔爾的 Incomati ，澎哥洛河與 Umgeni 河與湖 Sibaya。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 52193)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 71-94; 臀鳍软条: 60 - 89; 脊椎骨: 56 - 61. Diagnosis: Head rectangular in dorsal outline; snout broadly rounded; eyes dorsally located; frontal fontanelle `knife-shaped'; occipital fontanelle very long and oval-shaped; the `dermosphenotic' and supraorbital bones become joined in specimens of 80-90 mm standard length; tooth plates relatively small; dorsal and anal fins not confluent with caudal fins; gill rakers relatively long, slender and distantly set; openings of the secondary sensory canals arranged in regular pattern on the flanks (Ref. 248). Characterised by a relatively small, short head, 4-5 times in standard length, long barbels reaching to behind the head, and an elongated slender body with a long anal fin (Ref. 52193).
头部矩形的在背部的轮廓中; 吻宽广地圆的; 眼位于背面。 额骨囱门刀状的'; 后头骨囱门非常长而椭圆形的。 那皮蝶骨的' 与上眼窝骨在 80-90 mm SL 的标本中变成合并在一起了。 齿板相当小的。 背鳍与臀鳍不与尾鳍汇合。 鳃耙相当长的, 细长的而且远远地竖立。 第二感觉管的开口在侧面上排列成普通的型态了。
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Lives in vegetated areas in shallow and swampy places around the lake. Occasionally found in cataracts, hiding under rocks (Ref. 248). The species is omnivorous (Ref. 78218) and feeds on insects (Coleoptera, ants, Chironomid larvae) (Ref. 248 & 5595), plant seeds and other fishes (Ref. 78218).
在湖附近的浅滩与沼泽的地方中生活在有植物生长的区域。 偶然地发现于大瀑布了, 在岩石下面藏。 (参考文献 248) 大部份捕食昆虫 (鞘翅目，蚂蚁宝刀鱼仔鱼)(参考文献 248&5595) 。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
非洲: 尚比西河， Kafue 與雪利河; 剛果河上游流域; 坦噶尼喀湖， Bangweulu ， Kobo ， Niumbe ， Mweru 與馬拉威; Chobe ，奧塔萬戈河與庫內內河; 林波波河的 Pungwe ， Sabi ， Lundi 河與 Zimbabwean 支流; 在納塔爾的 Incomati ，澎哥洛河與 Umgeni 河與湖 Sibaya。
Teugels, G.G., 1986. A systematic revision of the African species of the genus Clarias (Pisces; Clariidae). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Centr., Sci. Zool., 247:199 p. (Ref. 248)
人类利用
渔业: 自给性渔业; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00556 - 0.01882), b=3.03 (2.87 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
