Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin bathypélagique; profondeur 10 - 2000 m (Ref. 27000), usually 200 - 900 m (Ref. 33390). Deep-water; 67°N - 40°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific: in tropical and subtropical waters, including the Mediterranean. Also known from the temperate North Atlantic as far as 66°N and in the sub-Antarctic water south of Australia.
Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?, range 2 - ? cm
Max length : 4.6 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 128822); âge max. reporté: 1.00 années (Ref. 5162)
Épines dorsales (Total): 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 13-15; Épines anales 0; Rayons mous anaux: 18 - 20
Oceanic, precise depth range dependent upon developmental stage, latitude, season (Ref. 4769). Generally horizontally oriented (Ref. 4769). Feeds on small zooplankton, mostly copepods (Ref. 5162). Sexually dimorphic with large females and small males (Ref. 9503). Sex ratio vary with size groups but is about 1:1 around spawning. Length-frequency histograms are bimodal; has a two-year life cycle (Ref. 82363).
Badcock, J., 1984. Gonostomatidae. p. 284-301. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 1. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4769)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: sans intérêt
Plus d'informations
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 3.9 - 16.3, mean 9.3 °C (based on 2108 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00171 - 0.00885), b=2.99 (2.79 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.18 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tm=2; Fec=200).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 128 [38, 824] mg/100g; Iron = 1.22 [0.36, 3.79] mg/100g; Protein = 2.06 [0.00, 6.17] %; Omega3 = 0.226 [0.061, 0.865] g/100g; Selenium = 12.8 [3.3, 63.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.3 [6.0, 382.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.65 [0.69, 4.30] mg/100g (wet weight);
