South Africa country information

Common names: White steenbras, Witsteenbras
Occurrence: native
Salinity: brackish
Abundance: abundant (always seen in some numbers) | Ref: van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991
Importance: commercial | Ref:
Aquaculture: | Ref:
Regulations: | Ref:
Uses: gamefish: yes;
Comments: Ranges from the Orange River mouth to Natal. Stock sound; a prime angling species; also caught commercially in beach seines (Ref. 4332). Also Ref. 3507, 4517, 5213, 12484.
National Checklist:
Country Information: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html
National Fisheries Authority:
Occurrences: Occurrences Point map
Main Ref: Smith, J.L.B. and M.M. Smith, 1986
National Database:

Common names from other countries

Marbré du Cap, Herrera del Cabo, Erla, ... more

Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Lithognathus: Greek, lithos = stone + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ökologie

seewasser; brackwasser benthopelagisch; amphidrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich ? - 150 m (Ref. 27121). Subtropical; 22°S - 31°S

Verbreitung Länder | FAO Gebiete | Ecosystems | Vorkommen | Point map | Einführungen | Faunafri

Southeast Atlantic: known only from the Orange River mouth to Natal, South Africa.

Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter

Maturity: L_m 54.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3198); common length : 65.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 3507)

Kurzbeschreibung Morphologie | Morphometrie

Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt): 11; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt): 10; Afterflossenstacheln 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8. Silvery in color, crossbars fade with age.

Found over sandy substrate, in estuaries and oceanic waters. Enters lagoons (Ref. 3198). Feeds bottom invertebrates, including worms, crabs and shrimp (Ref. 27121). Spawns in the sea but uses estuaries as nursery grounds. Prime angling fish. Important food fish. Sold fresh and whole in markets.

Life cycle and mating behavior Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven

Hauptreferenz Upload your references | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner

Bauchot, M.-L. and M.M. Smith, 1984. Sparidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.] FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3507)

IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435)

stark gefährdet (EN) (A2bcd; B2ab(ii,v)); Date assessed: 04 December 2009

CITES (Ref. 128078)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Bedrohung für Menschen

Harmless

Nutzung durch Menschen

Fischereien: weniger kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja

FAO(Fischereien: production; publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Ökologie
Nahrung
Nahrungsorganismen
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Namen
Synonyme
Metabolismus
Räuber
Ökotoxikologie
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Ablaichen
Fecundity
Eier
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Alter/Größe
Wachstum
Länge-Gewicht
Länge-Länge
Längenhäufigkeiten
Morphometrie
Morphologie
Larven
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Dichte

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Partner
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Stamps, Coins Misc.
Laute
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Geschwindigkeit
Schwimmstil
Kiemenoberfläche
Otoliths
Gehirngröße
Sehfähigkeit

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 12.5 - 24.1, mean 15.7 (based on 28 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01549 (0.00939 - 0.02556), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.1 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.

Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (K=0.1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).

Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766): Low.

Lithognathus lithognathus (Cuvier, 1829)