分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 46 m (Ref. 2850). 亞熱帶的; 41°N - 16°N
Eastern Pacific: Humboldt Bay in California, USA to Mexico. Northwest Pacific: Japan (Ref. 559).
東太平洋: 到墨西哥的在美國加州中的洪堡河海灣。 西北太平洋: 日本.(參考文獻 559)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 250 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); 最大体重: 255.6 kg (Ref. 4699); 最大年龄: 75 年 (Ref. 4563)
Occur on rock bottoms; near shore, outside kelp beds and along drop-offs (Ref. 2850). Large specimens usually found deeper than 30 m, small ones over sand and in kelp beds mostly from 12-21 m (Ref. 2850). Aggregate for spawning in summer (Ref. 2850). Pelagic spawners (Ref. 56049). Longevity of 90 to 100 years (Ref. 56049) stemmed from speculation on the age of a 557 lb fish caught in 1962, but the oldest age determined from otoliths of a 435 lb fish was 72 to75 years (Ref. 4563). Validated age so far is up to >50 years using bomb radiocarbon (A.H. Andrews, pers. comm.)
生存在石质底部上面; 近岸, 外面海藻床而且沿着海峭壁.(参考文献 2850) 大的标本通常发现深度超过 30 公尺, 在沙子上的较小与在海藻床中大部份从 12-21 公尺.(参考文献 2850) 为产卵在中聚集夏天。 (参考文献 2850) 大洋性产卵鱼.(参考文献 56049) 活到至少 100 岁数年。 (参考文献 56049)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).東太平洋: 到墨西哥的在美國加州中的洪堡河海灣。 西北太平洋: 日本.(參考文獻 559)
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
更多信息
参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.8 - 23, mean 20.9 °C (based on 48 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.8125 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 22.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (tm=11; tmax=75; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref.
36717)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (63 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 24.1 [14.9, 48.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.762 [0.455, 1.241] mg/100g; Protein = 20.1 [18.5, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.273 [0.147, 0.532] g/100g; Selenium = 35.2 [13.1, 79.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [2.9, 36.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.435 [0.308, 0.633] mg/100g (wet weight);
