Ecology Summary - Sardinops sagax

ພາສາ:

ນິເວດວິທະຍາຂອງ Sardinops sagax

ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ	In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ

In South America it is caught down to depths of about 40 m, in summer at 16 to 23 C, in winter at 10 to 18 C. Forms large schools in the Peru current. Likewise in North America, it forms large schools, up to 10 million individuals; it is migratory with a definite northward movement between California and British Columbia waters in summer and return in autumn, winter. Zooplankton and phytoplankton feeder. Food items of larvae and early juveniles consist of copepods and larvaceans (Ref. 32837). Young fish feeds on zooplankton such as copepods and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particulate-feeding modes on phytoplankton and zooplankton (Ref. 42392).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	ເຂດຊາຍຝັ່ງທະເລ/ທະເລເທິງເກາະຫີນປະກາລັງ/ທະເລນ້ຳກ່ອຍ mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds ຖ້ຳ ຢ່າງເລືອກເຟັ້ນ

Highighted items on the list are where Sardinops sagax may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

ໃຫ້ອາຫານ

ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ	selective plankton feeding
Feeding habit Ref.	Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ		ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ		ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ	2.84	0.13	2.46	0.11	Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies.
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ	2.61	0.29			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ	Serra, R and I. Tsukayama, 1988

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