Main Ref. | Labropoulou, M. and A. Eleftheriou, 1997 |
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Remarks | Occurs along coasts. Abundant in the continental shelf (Ref. 93159). Found over seagrass, sand, mud and rocks (Refs. 2739, 93159) to depths of 100 m (Ref. 93159). Also found in coral reefs (Ref. 122784) and in a lagoon (Ref. 122783). Carnivorous, decapods dominate the diet (Ref. 12382). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Smith, C.L., 1981 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Labropoulou, M. and A. Eleftheriou, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.47 | 0.42 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.74 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Bell, J.D. and M.L. Harmelin-Vivien, 1983 |