Main Ref. | Arkhipkin, A., P. Brickle, V. Laptikhovsky, L. Butcher, E. Jones, M. Potter and D. Poulding, 2001 |
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Remarks | Smaller adults feed mainly on pelagic crustaceans while larger adults are mainly benthic feeders preying on crustaceans and fish (Ref. 43117) |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Arkhipkin, A., P. Brickle, V. Laptikhovsky, L. Butcher, E. Jones, M. Potter and D. Poulding, 2001 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Arkhipkin, A., P. Brickle, V. Laptikhovsky, L. Butcher, E. Jones, M. Potter and D. Poulding, 2001 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.41 | 0.34 | 4.03 | 0.51 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.18 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Arkhipkin, A., P. Brickle, V. Laptikhovsky, L. Butcher, E. Jones, M. Potter and D. Poulding, 2001 |