| อ้างอิงหลัก | Laroche, J.L., 1982 |
|---|---|
| ข้อสังเกต | Commonly found in harbors and shallow coastal waters. Move to deeper water in winter. Adults attach their eggs near the base of a sponge to use as a spawning bed (Ref. 34819, 41075). Benthic. Feeds on crustaceans, zooplankton, zoobenthos, molluscs, sea squirts, squids and fishes (Ref. 13548, 58426). Parasites of the species include 6 protozoans, 3 myxosporidians, 2 nematodes and 4 hirudineans (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| อ้างอิง | |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; shoaling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | A bottom dwelling fish located in the western Atlantic; found in shoals and estuaries down to a depth of 192m; in southern New England spawning takes place inshore from late November through January on rocky bottom; average female deposits around 8000 eggs which are demersal, adhesive, and deposited in clusters on sponges or cavities on hard bottom; eggs measure 1.9-2.3mm in diameter, colour varying from green to orange. Larvae present on the Scotian Shelf from March to May; duration of larval drift, around 30 days. Individuals >30cm were mature. Longhorn sculpin appear to be opportunistic feeders. At present, no information pertaining to population structure, although discontinuities in distribution could suggest population sub-structutre (Ref. 94971). Slow-moving; abundant in many shoal harbors and bays and run up into estuaries, salt creeks, and river mouths, but never into feshwater; have been caught in considerable numbers down to 90 m in the Scotian shelf. Only periodic movements are off and onshore, and of short extent, including seasonal movements to and fro particular grounds in relation to water temperature changes (Ref. 86779). |
| Parasitism |
| วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Hacunda, J.S., 1981 |
| นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2004 |
| Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 3.62 | 0.20 | 3.41 | 0.40 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 3.39 | 0.52 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| อ้างอิง | Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000 | ||||