Ecology Summary - Morone saxatilis

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主要参考文献	Ebert, D.A., 1991
附注	Inhabits coastal waters and are commonly found in bays but may enter rivers in the spring to spawn (Ref. 2850). Coastal schooling species and anadromous (Ref. 5951); some populations are landlocked (Ref. 7251). Larvae feed on zooplankton; juveniles take in small shrimps and other crustaceans, annelid worms, and insects; adults feed on a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates, mainly crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Feeding ceases shortly before spawning (Ref. 1998). Juveniles are preyed upon by Atlantic tomcod, Atlantic cod, silver hake and larger striped bass.

主要参考文献

Ebert, D.A., 1991

附注

Inhabits coastal waters and are commonly found in bays but may enter rivers in the spring to spawn (Ref. 2850). Coastal schooling species and anadromous (Ref. 5951); some populations are landlocked (Ref. 7251). Larvae feed on zooplankton; juveniles take in small shrimps and other crustaceans, annelid worms, and insects; adults feed on a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates, mainly crustaceans (Ref. 1998). Feeding ceases shortly before spawning (Ref. 1998). Juveniles are preyed upon by Atlantic tomcod, Atlantic cod, silver hake and larger striped bass.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	河口/泻湖/半咸淡水海洋 mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds 洞专门地

Highighted items on the list are where Morone saxatilis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

参考文献	Scott, W.B. and M.G. Scott, 1988
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks	Parasites of the species include trematodes, Homalometran pallidum, Lepocreadium setiferoides and Stephanostomum tenue; acanthocephalans, Echinorhynchus gadi and Neoechinorhynchus rutili and a nematode, Philometra rubra (Ref. 5951).
Parasitism

进食

摄取食物的类型	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Ebert, D.A., 1991
摄取食物的习惯	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	最初的样本		不捕获族群		附注
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	附注
从食物内容	4.65	0.25	4.35	0.72	Troph of adults from 4 studies.
从个别的食物项目	4.49	1.08			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
参考文献	Bowman, R.E., C.E. Stillwell, W.L. Michaels and M.D. Grosslein, 2000

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