Hoofdreferentie | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
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Opmerkingen | Oceanic species. Water color affects its occurrence, at least in the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the fish show preference for blue water. Rarely gathers in schools and usually found as scattered single individuals. Feeds mostly in near-surface waters but sometimes takes food in relatively deep water as is shown by the presence of deep sea fishes as Pseudoscopelus in the stomachs of specimens caught off Puerto Rico. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Ondergrond | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Speciale habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associaties | |
Geassocieerd met | |
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
Parasitisme |
Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | 4.49 | 0.29 | 4.50 | 0.71 | Troph of juv./adults from 3 studies. |
Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 4.39 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | JĂșnior, T.V., C.M. Vooren and R.P. Lessa, 2004 |