主要参考文献 | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
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附注 | Benthic species which occurs in the continental shelf. Usually insular and not continental (Ref. 7300). Feeds on planktonic and benthic organisms (Ref. 33, 26338). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Gell, F.R. and M.W. Whittington, 2002 |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hiatt, R.W. and D.W. Strasburg, 1960 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 3.61 | 0.16 | 3.73 | 0.46 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
从个别的食物项目 | 3.70 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Hobson, E.S., 1974 |