Ecology Summary - Epinephelus itajara

Ngôn ngữ:

Thông tin chủ yếu	Randall, J.E., 1967
Các chú thích	Occurs in coral reefs, over shallow water. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in shallow, inshore areas. Found on rock, coral, or mud bottoms (Ref. 5217). Juveniles found in mangrove areas and brackish estuaries (Ref. 5217). Large adults may be found in estuaries (Ref. 5217). Adults appear to occupy limited home ranges with little inter-reef movement. Feeds primarily on crustaceans, particularly spiny lobsters as well as turtles and fishes, including stingrays. Territorial near its refuge cave or wreck where it may show a threat display with open mouth and quivering body. Larger individuals have been known to stalk and attempt to eat divers. Over-fished, primarily by spear fishing (Ref. 9710).

Thông tin chủ yếu

Randall, J.E., 1967

Các chú thích

Occurs in coral reefs, over shallow water. A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in shallow, inshore areas. Found on rock, coral, or mud bottoms (Ref. 5217). Juveniles found in mangrove areas and brackish estuaries (Ref. 5217). Large adults may be found in estuaries (Ref. 5217). Adults appear to occupy limited home ranges with little inter-reef movement. Feeds primarily on crustaceans, particularly spiny lobsters as well as turtles and fishes, including stingrays. Territorial near its refuge cave or wreck where it may show a threat display with open mouth and quivering body. Larger individuals have been known to stalk and attempt to eat divers. Over-fished, primarily by spear fishing (Ref. 9710).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	Nước lợ/đầm phá/biẻn nước lợ mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds Các hang động riêng biệt

Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus itajara may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Soft Bottom: mud;: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Tài liệu tham khảo
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Cho ăn

Dạng thức ăn	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967
Nơi ăn mồi	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Randall, J.E., 1967

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc)		Chủng quần không được khai thác		Chú thích
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Chú thích
Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng	4.09		3.97	0.44	Troph of adults from 1 study.
Từ các loại thức ăn	4.03	0.57			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Tài liệu tham khảo	Randall, J.E., 1967

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