主要参考文献 | Hureau, J.-C., 1986 |
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附注 | Probably forms occasional aggregates (Ref. 4697). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Hureau, J.-C., 1986 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Hureau, J.-C., 1986 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 3.81 | 0.10 | Troph of juv./adults from 25 studies. | ||
从个别的食物项目 | 3.60 | 0.73 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Moreno-Amich, R., 1992 |