ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Glova, G.J., P.M. Sagar and C.R. Docherty, 1987 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | Presumably diadromous, spending the first few months of its life at sea, with the remainder in freshwater. Bottom-dwelling, common in fastwater habitats of braided rivers in New Zealand (Ref. 37869). Lives in tumbling white waters usually in large rivers with gravel and boulders and a broad bed. It occupies the spaces between boulders. Such rivers are very unstable, and their beds shift during floods. Since much of this habitat is difficult to reach, the torrentfish are not easily observed and relatively little is known about them. This fish may reach an elevation of 700 m and penetrate 300 km inland from the coast (Ref. 36739). Are nocturnal exploiters of benthic macroinvertebrates. Daily feeding pattern commences after sunset, presumably after spending the daytime period resting on the substrate (Ref. 37869). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Glova, G.J., P.M. Sagar and C.R. Docherty, 1987 |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 3.20 | 0.16 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. | ||
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.20 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ |