主要参考文献 | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
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附注 | Inhabits open waters of deep lagoons, channels, or seaward reefs (Ref. 9710). Usually seen singly, but also in groups (Ref. 30573, 48635). Daytime feeder (Ref. 122680). Feeds mainly on fishes, but also on shrimps, crabs, cephalopods and planktonic organisms (Ref. 30573, 48635). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
参考文献 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 4.28 | 0.42 | 3.84 | 0.58 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
从个别的食物项目 | 3.98 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 |