| Thông tin chủ yếu | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Các chú thích | Frequently solitary or forming small loose aggregations rather than compact schools. An oceanic, epipelagic species frequently solitary or forming small loose aggregations rather than compact schools. Feed on fishes and squids. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | |
|---|---|
| Associations | solitary; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Dạng thức ăn | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Nơi ăn mồi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Mẫu nguyên thủy (gốc) | Chủng quần không được khai thác | Chú thích | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Từ thành phần dinh dưỡng | 4.26 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. | ||
| Từ các loại thức ăn | 4.42 | 0.92 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Tài liệu tham khảo | Sabatié, R., M. Potier, C. Broudin, B. Seret, F. Ménard and F. Marsac, 2003 | ||||