分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 36 m (Ref. 13608). 熱帶; 16°N - 14°S, 87°W - 34°W
Western Central Atlantic: Honduras to Salvador (Bahia) in Brazil.
中西大西洋: 到在巴西的薩爾瓦多 (Bahia) 的宏都拉斯。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 20.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 57.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3273); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3273); 最大體重: 2.3 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數): 3; 背的軟條 (總數): 28-30; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 25 - 27. Supraorbital and interorbital region smooth, without any filament; scaled area on head extending to middle of eye and opercle spine; 9 discrete pores on inner face of pectoral fin; body brown, with black spots and saddle-shaped blotches (Ref. 13608).
眶上的與眼間骨區域平滑的, 沒有任何的絲狀突起; 在延伸至眼與鰓蓋棘的中央的頭部上覆有鱗片的區域; 在胸鰭的內面上的 9個不連續的孔; 身體褐色, 有黑色的斑點與鞍狀的斑塊。 (參考文獻 13608)
Mainly in brackish water (Ref. 5217). Found on sandy-muddy bottoms in shallow warm water. Not so active, lingers over the substrate disguised. Feeds on small gastropod mollusks, crustaceans like crabs (Calappidae, Portunidae, Xanthidae, etc.), shrimps (Penaeidae, Palaemonidae, Alphaeidae, etc.) and fishes. Females are mature at around 20 cm length, males at 25 cm. Spawns 400 to 500 eggs, with a size of 4 to 5 mm (Ref. 35237). Marketed fresh.
主要在半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 5217) 在水淺的溫暖水棲息於沙泥底了。 不是如此活躍, 在被偽裝的底部之上逗留。 吃小的腹足類軟體動物，甲殼動物如螃蟹 (饅頭蟹，梭子蟹，扇蟹, 等等。) ，蝦 (對蝦，長臂蝦， Alphaeidae, 等等。) 與魚。 雌性是在大約 20 公分長度時成熟, 在 25 公分的雄性。 產卵 400 到 500個卵, 具有一個 4 到 5 mm 的大小.(參考文獻 35237) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中西大西洋: 到在巴西的薩爾瓦多 (Bahia) 的宏都拉斯。
Collette, B.B., 1978. Batrachoididae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3273)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2009
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 水族館: 商業性
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.1 - 28.3, mean 27.6 °C (based on 300 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00485 - 0.01241), b=3.15 (3.01 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 102 [53, 175] mg/100g; Iron = 0.946 [0.603, 1.455] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.26 [0.15, 0.46] g/100g; Selenium = 48 [27, 94] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22 [9, 54] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.29 [0.98, 1.75] mg/100g (wet weight);
