分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Auxis: Greek, auxis = a variety of tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 9340). 熱帶; ? - 28°C (Ref. 168); 61°N - 51°S, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic, Indian and Pacific (Western): including the Mediterranean Sea. The eastern Pacific population is recognized as subspecies Auxis rochei eudorax (Ref. 32349). Highly migratory species.
大西洋，印度洋與太平洋: 包括地中海。 東太平洋族群被鑑定為亞種 Auxis rochei eudorax 。 (參考文獻 32349) 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 35 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 125574)
背棘 (總數): 9 - 12; 背的軟條 (總數): 10-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12 - 14. Back bluish, turning to deep purple or almost black on head. Scaleless area with pattern of 15 or more fairly broad, nearly vertical dark bars. Belly white. Pectoral and pelvic fins purple, their inner sides black. Body robust, elongate and rounded. Teeth small and conical, in a single series. Pectoral fins short, not reaching vertical line from anterior margin of scaleless area above corselet. A large, single-pointed flap (interpelvic process) between pelvic fins. Body naked except for corselet, which is well developed in its posterior part 9 more than 6 scales wide under second dorsal-fin origin). A strong central keel on each side of caudal-fin base between 2 smaller keels (Ref 9684).
背面藍色的, 變到深的紫色或幾乎黑色的在頭部上。 無鱗片的區域用 15個或更多的圖案非常寬的, 幾乎黑色縱帶。 腹部白色的。 胸鰭與腹鰭紫色, 他們的內部側邊黑色。 身體結實的, 細長的而且圓的。 齒小而錐形, 成單一列。 胸鰭短, 不達到在甲胄上面的來自無鱗片區域的前緣的垂直的線。 在腹鰭之間的一個大又單個-尖的鰓蓋 (interpelvic 突起)。 身體裸露的除了甲胄, 在第二背鰭-鰭的起源下面在它的較後面的部分中是發展良好的 9個超過 6個鱗片寬的). 在 2個較小的龍骨脊 (參考文獻 9684) 之間的尾鰭基底的兩邊上的一個強的中央龍骨脊.
Adults are principally caught in coastal waters and around islands (Ref. 9340). Form schools. Feed on small fishes, particularly anchovies, crustaceans (especially crab and stomatopod larvae) and squids. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Because of their abundance, they are considered an important element of the food web, particularly as forage for other species of commercial interest. Also caught with encircling nets and troll lines (Ref. 9340). Marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 9340) and also dried or salted, smoked and canned (Ref. 9987).
成魚是在主要地捕獲的沿岸水域與島的周圍.(參考文獻 9340) 形成魚群。 吃小魚, 特別地鯷魚，甲殼動物 (尤其螃蟹與口足目幼生) 與烏賊。 由於他們的豐度, 他們被認為食物網的一個重要要素, 特別地作為其他有商業價值的魚種的食物。 也用圍網與延繩釣捕獲。 (參考文獻 9340) 在市場上銷售生鮮和冷凍 (參考文獻 9340) 而乾燥或鹽醃, 煙燻了而且裝於罐頭.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Fecundity ranges between 31,000 and 103,000 eggs per spawning according to the size of the fish. 大西洋，印度洋與太平洋: 包括地中海。 東太平洋族群被鑑定為亞種 Auxis rochei eudorax 。 (參考文獻 32349) 高度遷移的種,1982年海事法會議的附件一.(參考文獻 26139)
Collette, B.B. and C.R. Aadland, 1996. Revision of the frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis), with descriptions of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific. Fish. Bull. 94(3):423-441. (Ref. 32349)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.6 - 29, mean 26 °C (based on 6786 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00820 - 0.01112), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.8 (1.6 - 3.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 12
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.32; tm=2; Fec=31,000-103,000).
Prior r = 1.00, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.50, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 198 [57, 462] mg/100g; Iron = 2.28 [0.85, 5.87] mg/100g; Protein = 21.7 [19.6, 23.6] %; Omega3 = 0.364 [0.173, 0.759] g/100g; Selenium = 49.2 [18.5, 153.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 32.7 [6.9, 148.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.46 [0.47, 2.70] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
